Saturday, December 28, 2019

Information Security Management And Maintenance - 887 Words

ASSESSMENT OF BREACH There were a number of factors that contributed to the breach, which had they been addressed or had corresponding mitigation responses in place, would have reduced the likelihood that the breach would have taken place, or at a minimum reduce the impact of the attack. These items range from policy related issues, technology implementations, and security management and maintenance. Although I believe a number of these areas were in the process of being addressed, based on the information gathered regarding the details of the incident, it appears that it was still in many areas insufficient and would not have prevented an incident even if there had been more time available to perform the implementations. To start, there were significant issues regarding the OPM and its solutions to deficiencies found during their regular audits. These issues show a lack of Information Security management and maintenance. This is made clear in an article by ABC News that at the t ime of the Senate hearings regarding the OPM breach, â€Å"Only a few of the inspector general’s 29 recommendations for improvement have since been implemented† (â€Å"OPM chief ‘angry’ over hack,† 2015). Proper management of security audit findings must be implemented by the OPM, and the appropriate resources should be put in place to plan how to implement the recommendations as well as implement and maintain. Accountability should be put in place for the OPM management and the security andShow MoreRelatedDatabase Development Life Cycle ( Ddlc )1231 Words   |  5 Pagesdatabase analysis, logical database design, physical database design, implementation and data mapping, integration and testing, operation and maintenance, and disposition (Gupta, Mata-Toledo, and Monger 2011). Each step has associated security risks that must be accounted for. This assessment aims to describe, briefly, the purpose of each step and associated security risks Database Development Life Cycle Database planning is the first step of the DDLC. During this step, the requirement of the databaseRead MoreDepartments Strategic Objectives, And Key Services1131 Words   |  5 Pagesthat allows quickly report information up the chain. The management style that I find most effective is to actively involve it the status of projects in order to provide guidance or additional support as needed to complete the goal. Internal IT Strategies This IT department’s new strategic are as follows: Maintain current information security procedures. This internal business strategy involves ensuring every person at RR is up-to-date with current information security producers. This will help preventRead MoreDatabase Development Life Cycle ( Ddlc )1230 Words   |  5 Pagesdatabase analysis, logical database design, physical database design, implementation and data mapping, integration and testing, operation and maintenance, and disposition (Gupta, Mata-Toledo, and Monger 2011). Each step has associated security risks that must be accounted for. This assessment aims to describe, briefly, the purpose of each step and associated security risks Database Development Life Cycle Database planning is the first step of the DDLC. During this step, the requirement of the databaseRead MoreSecurity Systems Development Life Cycle828 Words   |  4 PagesSecurity Systems Development Life Cycle The security systems development life cycle (SecSDLC) uses the same phases as the systems development life cycle. 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A risk assessment of SHGTS was conducted to evaluate vulnerabilities and establish a baseline of potential threats. HBWC has not provided a written Information Security (IS) policy thatRead MoreThe Panther Flying Club Essay1671 Words   |  7 PagesThe Panther Flying Club will utilize the Oracle Service Management family of products as our customer relationship management (CRM) system of choice for customer interaction and managing service-related information. This technology will aid the improvement all of our customer interaction and customer’s needs as well as collect information from our customers. This information will be utilized in providing information for management to direction operations to aid future marketing, sales, customerRead MoreAn Strategic Planning Tool For Agencies1101 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction and Mission Property management plans are an important strategic planning tool for agencies. 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Friday, December 20, 2019

Symptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder II Essay

Living with waves of happiness followed by sadness is the life that Nicki Brown lives. From my interview with her it is clear that she has Bipolar Disorder II, she has also become more aware as to why she behaves the way she does. Nicki states the importance of addressing mental issues and seeking treatment, because in the long run it could save one’s life. Do you feel have periods of deep depressive states, along with moments of high motivation? Do you find yourself seeking slightly risky activities while depressed? Have you experienced or are currently experiencing stressful life events? Does anybody in your family suffer from a psychological disorder? By answering yes to these questions, this portrays some characteristics of Bipolar Disorder II. My case study is on Nicki Brown, who appears to have Bipolar Disorder II. To begin, according to the DSM-5 bipolar disorder II features include; present or previous of one or more major depressive episodes, hypomanic episodes, and n o history of a manic episode in full. The symptoms above are not to be accounted for by another psychological disorder, solely bipolar disorder II. Nicki finds herself extremely motivated during her up-periods and lacks this motivation during depressed periods. Here is an example of her motivation, she dreams about her future of becoming of nurse, and reflects about how fortunate she is to have such a great family that supports her throughout college. To take her motivated thinking to another level,Show MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1700 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Bipolar disorders, also known as manic depression, are mental disorders characterized by shifting moods between depression and mania (Bressert, 2016). Those with a bipolar disorder, have extreme emotional states called mood periods. 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According to NIMH (National Institutes of Mental Health), this disorder affects about 2.3 million adults in the United States and about 1.2% of the population worldwide. The first signs of the disorder normally appear in adolescence and early adulthood, rarely do children get diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder can also be called manic depressive disorder, is a serious mentalRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1274 Words   |  6 Pagesconclusion, Ben Tang was diagnosed with bipolar II disorder indicated by DSM-5 at age 47. He experienced symptoms such as feeling depressed, suicidal thoughts, and worthlessness in depressive episodes. He experienced symptoms such as racing mind, trouble falling asleep, and committing reckless behaviors in hypomanic episodes. It can be challenging to live with bipolar disorder because the symptoms can be hard to deal with. There are several ways to manage bipolar disorder, include medications, support groupRead MoreAlcoholism : A Common Co Occurring Disorder1628 Words   |  7 Pageskind of alcohol use disorder and involves three or more of the following: tolerance, withdrawal, drinking more over a longer period of time, inability to cut down or stop, spending a great deal of time drinking, and giving up important social, recreational or occupational activities (Cunha, 2014). Co-occurring Disorder Bipolar disorder and alcoholism is a common co-occurring disorder. The combination of both of these diseases is dangerous. Many people with bipolar disorder use alcohol to treatRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder762 Words   |  4 Pages Bipolar Disorder 2 Disorder history, In the 19th century psychiatry, mania had a broad meaning of craziness, hypomania was equated by some concepts of â€Å"partial insanity† or monomania. Bipolar disorder origins in 1854, Jules Baillarger and Jean-Pierre Falret, independently present descriptions of the disorder to Academie de Medicine in Paris. German neuropsychiatrist Emanuel Mendel in 1881 wrote â€Å"that heRead MoreTreatments For Bipolar II Disorder Essay1430 Words   |  6 PagesTreatments for bipolar II disorder target any of the three types of factors that I mentioned last. The neurological, psychological, and social factors and the effects of any successful treatment extend to all three of these factors (Rosenberg Kosslyn, 2011). 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It can lead to risky behavior, damage relationships and careers, and even suicidal outcomes if it’s not treated. Bipolar disorder is more common in older teenagers and young adults, it can affect children as young as 6. Women experience more periods of depression than men. More remains to be learned about this condition that affects millions of people. Aretaeus of Cappadocia began the process of detailingRead MoreManic Depression And The Gemini Disorder Essay1490 Words   |  6 PagesGemini disorder† is most commonly known as Bipolar Disorder. This illness is a brain disorder, which causes abrupt and unusual mood shifts. These irritable mood shifts can be related to the individual’s energy, activity levels, or their ability to carry out daily tasks. This disorder goes beyond the ordinary mood swings we all are aware of. Manic depression has three forms that are characterized as periods of acute elevation of elatedness, or irritability. More often than not, the symptoms begin as

Thursday, December 12, 2019

British Entrepreneurs And The Decline Of The free essay sample

British Economy Essay, Research Paper Was the British entrepreneur the most of import individual ground for the comparative diminution of the British economic system in the late 19th century? Despite a continued growing of production and wealth in absolute footings, the economic system of # 8220 ; the first industrial state # 8221 ; began to slow after 1870, in comparing with that of her closest rivals. This so called # 8220 ; diminution # 8221 ; was caused by a figure of factors non simply one as the inquiry suggests, so Supple` s preface ( 1 ) asks, # 8220 ; Are we to be concerned with the rate of growing of entire income or of fabricating end product? Above all, by what criterions do we measure `failure` or `success` ? # 8221 ; Derek Aldcroft` s article, `The Entrepreneur and the British economic system, 1870-1914 published in 1964 spearheaded the wide indictment of the British enterpriser? ( 2 ) ? ? . A/ They failed to follow the best available techniques of production in many industries, runing from ring-spinning and automatic weaving in cotton to the mechanical cutter and electrification of mines in coal. B/ They underestimated the turning importance of scientific discipline, puting small in research labs and proficient forces for research or for the effectual development of foreign research. C/ They over-invested in the old basic export industries such as cotton and Fe, and were slow to travel to the industries of the hereafter such as chemicals, cars, and electrical technology. D/ They were bad salesmen, particularly abroad. E/ They were insufficiently aggressive in organizing trusts to pull out monopoly net incomes from the universe a t big. I intend to look into these countries, in add-on to labor dealingss, instruction and the category system, as I feel that they have a distinguishable bearing on the late Victorian economic clime. The # 8220 ; technological retardist # 8221 ; theories are strongest in sing the eroding of? King Cotton` s? pre distinction, due in portion to America` s competition and, the critics suggest, the British cotton manager` s deficiency of opinion. It is said that the slow acceptance of the pealing spindle in spinning, and the low consumption of the automatic loom in weaving earnestly hampered those industries` competitory border. The principle advantage of the ring spindle was it` s operation by unskilled female staff, whereas the traditional mule required skilled ( largely male ) operatives, therefore salvaging on labor costs. The disadvantage was that the ring needed more expensive cotton to do a given `fineness` or `count` . Give this information, replacing of old bing engineering should merely be undertaken if the entire cost of the new engineering is less than the variable cost of the old technique. In this case, sing the costs involved in replacing mules with rings in bing workss, it appears that the determinations of British cotton Masterss were vindicated. Similarly, sing the weaving industry, the coming of the automatic loom reduced labour costs, but were more expensive to put in than the field looms, accordingly raising the capital costs per unit of end product. In comparing, the economy in labor costs would profit the United States, but non Britain. The installing of automatic looms would hold exac erbated the losingss suffered by the dwindling British fabric industry, once more justifying the British entrepreneur` s opinion. Britain `s pre-eminence in production and ingestion of Fe and steel ended by 1880, when production was surpassed most notably Germany A ; USA. The slow consumption of proficient invention was cardinal in the British diminution, for case the Gilchrist-Thomas procedure of taking brickle phosphoric from hog Fe opened the manner to the usage of phosphoric -rich ores, in plentiful supply in North East England, therefore supplying the cheapest Fe ore in the universe for the production of steel. European steel-makers embraced this method in the 1880s but Britain continued with the old acid steel doing until the 1930s. Blast furnace operation enhanced the efficiency of hog Fe production. Newer steel plants modernised their blast furnaces, whilst Britain continued with acerb steel devising. YearsUnited KingdomGermanyFranceU.S.A 18903,5792,1956704,275 18964,1334,7451,1605,282 19004,9016,2601,54010,188 Steel Production ( In 1000s of dozenss ) ( 3 ) The tabular array diagrammatically illustrates that although Britain was overtaken by her chief rivals, she was still increasing her production of steel during these old ages. The demand grew more easy than in Germany but an addition of 3.4 % per annum ( 1890-1913 ) was big plenty to justify new investing in the industry. Britain `s chief rival, Germany, developed large-scale Fe A ; steel doing despite importing suited ore from Sweden, but German workers were 80 % more productive per worker than their British opposite numbers by 1914, doing Britain` s fond regard to its acerb steel devising works puzzling. However, even leting for rapid consumption of the Gilchrist-Thomas procedure, a state as abundant in resources as the USA would hold surpassed Britain, but Britain` s advantage of established exports, new installations and cheaper ores would hold been an advantage over Germany. Dintenfass, nevertheless sees the slow consumption in Fe and steel as diagnostic of a wider runing British attitude. ( 4 ) # 8220 ; The British Fe A ; steel industry failed to work new contraptions and production methods as extensively and quickly as did its abroad rivals in the decennaries taking up to the First World War. Neither demand restraints, natural stuff costs, nor the efficiency of familial patterns warranted this disregard of inventions that others employed with net income, and the industry paid the monetary value for its technological conservativism in worsening fight and lost usage. Here is the history of an industry that supplied one of the indispensable ingredients of modern economic life, is distinct grounds of a British opposition to technological alteration? British enterprisers were non immune to unfavorable judgment in the newer chemical industry, although in footings of employment the industry grew faster between 1881 and 1911 than any other industrial group in Britain. Any failure could merely be attributed in comparing to the United States and Germany, where their end product was in the dominance. The Germans specialised in dyes, drugs and photochemical merchandises, the Americans in electro-chemicals. Britain in soap, pigments, coal pitch and explosives. Consequently, British investors were improbable to put in British companies in direct competition with German or American houses, worsening the spread in these countries. The principal charges levelled against British enterprisers are that they retained the Le Blanc procedure in the production of alkali despite the high quality of the Solvay procedure, the keeping of the lead- chamber procedure instead than the contact procedure in sulfuric acid production, and that research did non maintain gait with Germany in regard of dyes and drugs, in peculiar, as so by and large. It is this? dawdling behind? in educational affairs that Britain` s `decline` is frequently attributed, in comparing with Germany, where compulsory primary instruction was introduced much earlier. There was much closer articulation between the primary, secondary and higher instruction. The British authorities contributed small finance, in contrast to the German province which financed instruction and research to a high grade. Nevertheless, note must be taken that it was possibly the informality of the instruction system which allowed for greater flexibleness and therefore a capacity for adaptability and enlargement. Vocational preparation was ever passed over in favor of more academic chases, it was supposed, and therefore the population of universities contained smaller Numberss of scientific discipline, engineering, economic sciences and concern pupils than her rivals. There was merely province intercession in British instruction every bit tardily as 1902, and the century` s kids a nd industries were by and large regarded as ailment -served. ? The abiding failure of the British educational system to provide an equal figure of trained people to each occupational degree produced and the sustained a barbarous rhythm of uncompetitive merchandises, procedures and forces. Missing higher instruction, top functionaries have been less attuned to inventions in merchandises and production methods than executives abroad and less appreciative of their possible. More content with familial merchandise lines and fabrication modus operandis, British directors have satisfied themselves with work forces trained chiefly on the job. ? ( 5 ) Eric Hobsbawm` s remarks intimation at the account of this disparity between British and German higher instruction, that of handiness ( 6 ) . # 8220 ; The assimilation of the British concern categories to the societal form of the aristocracy and nobility had proceeded really quickly from the mid 19th century, the period when so many of the so called ` public schools ` were founded, or reformed by eventually excepting the hapless for whom they had originally been intended. In 1869, they were more or less set free from all authorities control and put about lucubrating that philistine, anti-scientific, games-dominated Tory imperialism which was to stay characteristic of them. Unfortunately the public school formed the theoretical account for the new system of secondary instruction, which the less privileged sectors of the new in-between category were allowed to build for themselves after the Education Act of 1902, and whose chief object was to except from higher instruction the kids of the working category? ? ? ? ? ? . Knowledge, particularly scientific cognition, hence took 2nd topographic point in the new British education al system, to the care of a stiff division between the categories. In 1897 less than 7 % of grammar-school students came from the working category. The British therefore entered the 20th century and the age of modern scientific discipline and engineering as a spectacularly ill-educated people. ? The reformation of the British public school supplies the ground for what Wiener calls? The Decline of the Industrial Spirit? . He maintains that the late Victorian nobility yielded some of their power to a in-between category elite in return for their credence of proper blue values, manners and the chase of gentlemanlike leisure and political service. This mentality was compounded, Wiener maintains, by public schools and universities which were `anti-science and anti-business` . Consequently, the following coevals were divorced from thoughts of engineering and concern in favor of a classically academic background. Sons from industrial concern backgrounds rapidly disavowed them, and the public school became a genteelness land for ground forces officers and civil retainers, non applied scientists and enterprisers. `Oxbridge` fostered an image to stand for a `national manner of life` of `English-ness` a pre-industrial rural Utopia which bore small resemblance to world and seeped into a in-between category `culture` , therefore haltering industry, furthering a intuition of industrial/economic growing and taking to a `decline in the industrial spirit` Hobsbawm disagrees nevertheless? . ( 7 ) # 8221 ; The soaking up of the boies of grocers and cotton-spinners into the nobility was a effect of the loss of drift in British concern non its cause. # 8221 ; He farther maintains that in at least one public school in the 1880s,75 % of the pupils were analyzing technology. Lundgreen nevertheless, goes every bit far as ( 8 ) ? rebuting on several evidences, the proposition that Germany` s evident lead in scientific discipline and engineering `brought about her economic predominance` ? If the instance is proven that deficiency of instruction does non hold any bearing in Britain` s economic stature, what, if anything, is the cause of a coevals of hapless enterprisers, and what would be it` s consequence, if any, on the economic system as a whole? Sandberg ponders the chief economic effects and concludes ( 9 ) # 8220 ; A managerial mistake, such as puting in the incorrect engineering or neglecting to debris disused equipment or weakness to take advantage of a profitable investing chance, is merely a failure if it reduces the present value of the expected flow of future net incomes of the house. Therefore, managerial errors must cut down net income degrees below what they would o therwise have been? .. If a given mistake is limited to a individual house, ? ? ? ? ? .. the effects would be limited to that house. If, nevertheless, all the houses in the industry made the same error, the state of affairs would be rather different. The efficiency loss caused by the corporate mistake would now be much larger.† Many of Britain` s industries were started up with capital gleaned from relations, friends and familiarities by households, who by the 3rd coevals were no longer interested in the `hands -on` attack, and delegated some of their duties to directors in favor of more `aristocratic` chases. These directors accordingly were content to supervise a traditional work ethic and everyday which suited the employees and proprietors, who in bend were content to keep the degree of net income with minimal spending. This accordingly stifled invention, re-investment in new engineering and fostered complacence, taking to slowing economic growing. Furthermore, workers found it hard to fling old methods, locations and the traditions created by these industries, for institutional and psychological grounds. The accomplishments and patterns of direction and trade brotherhoods might, in fact, have been be unsuitable to the new industrial environment. # 8220 ; The endurance of out-of-date production methods at best provides merely portion of the account for the diminution of the British economic system after 1870. Entrepreneurial opposition to technological invention was non ever unjustified, and, where it was, it was non ever a sufficient account of diminution. Even where the disregard of more efficient techniques was the chief cause of the loss of fight, the inquiry remains whether technological retardation was the root of the job or symptomatic of more cardinal disorders. # 8221 ; ( 10 ) However, Jean-Pierre Dormois supplies a sympathetic continental viewpoint. ( 11 ) ? A huge and complicated national economic system is merely non susceptible of changing its constellation at the ` bead of a hat` . ? Electrical applied scientists were thwarted in their efforts to electrify the cotton and excavation industries, but technology and ship building embraced electrification more readily. Gas lighting was inexpensive and widely used, and the railroad web was all permeant, therefore small headroom was achieved. British makers were widely regarded as hapless salesmen, and merely non aggressive plenty in the constitution of trusts. The monolithic escape of capital abroad was seen as damaging to comparatively newer industries such as electricity, electrical equipment and motor vehicles, those industries which relied on big injections of initial capital. The alleged failure of Britain to make large-scale monopolies meant that it was unable to harvest the benefit of beaureacratic direction. However, some of today` s largest makers are interrupting up into smaller subordinates and many concern historiographers have emphasised the advantages inherent in the household house. Britain did so lose its pre-eminent fabrication place, due, in portion, to the fact that the universe economic system had changed greatly in complexness, and Britain became, alternatively, a more of import trading/investment state. The original industries, brought to fruition on the British forge of industry ( cotton, Fe, steel and ship building ) lost importance in relation to newer industries that had grown and been exploited by Germany and America. But this is a deceptive image, as McCloskey explains, ( 12 ) ? The industries in Hoffman` s index of industrial end product? .do non represent a random sample of the statistical existence of British entrepreneurial public presentation, weighted as they are towards the old industries doing trade goods and off from the new industries supplying services.International comparings of productiveness utilizing similar indices of end product in the United States and Germany would give colored readings ; it could good hold been that as a mature industrial state in 1870 Britain already had achieved an advanced engineering in the basic industries of the industrial revolution and was good advised to go on the hunt for productiveness betterment in services and light industries, which are underrepresented in the standard indices of industrial end product. ? McCloskey does reason, nevertheless, that scattered instances of entrepreneurial success, Lever Brothers in soap and Courtaulds in rayon, for case, do non interrupt the hypothesis of general failure attributed to the enterpriser, but farther ponders the inquiry of whether the `failures` were of import to the public presentation of the economic system as a whole, and whether the disregard of new techniques was of any effect, given the dearth of quantitative grounds. In position of this, Aldcroft, with mention to his 1964 piece, is well less sweeping in his ulterior work in 1968 ( 13 ) ? The fact that some industrialists were slow to follow new techniques does non needfully intend that they were inefficient or lacked endeavor? ? . On the other manus, neither must one follow an unduly self-satisfied attitude when discoursing the public presentation of British concern in this period. As we have already seen there was considerable room for betterment in many subdivisions of British industry? ? .But the job was non ever merely one of failure to introduce on the portion of the industrialists. ? It was about inevitable that the British economic system would quite literally # 8220 ; run out of steam # 8221 ; at some period. There were merely non plenty new inventions to impel the rate of growing any faster, as by the 1890s the advantage of a to the full utilized railroad system and the passage to the # 8220 ; mill system # 8221 ; was mostly ended. The economic system had reached # 8221 ; a technological tableland # 8220 ; . In add-on to this, Crouzet feels that ( 14 ) # 8220 ; It is obvious that, from the minute when industrialization spread, the portion of the innovator states in universe industrial production was bound to decrease. It was besides improbable that England would remain in front in every field ; new rivals with particular comparative advantages could hammer in front in certain fortes and even intrude on traditional British conserves. Above all, when there was a state like the United States, which spread over half a continent, with huge natural resources, a big population that was energetic and educated, together with assorted other conditions favorable to growing, it was inevitable that she would go a great industrial power and eventually catch a little island # 8221 ; Lissome ponders Britain` s economic state of affairs at the terminal of the 19th century? ( 15 ) ? Given the fact that national income and life criterions continued to turn, and that Britain` s international place as a capital market and provider of fiscal and commercial services boomed, it is hard to see why the last old ages of the century got their original repute in the first place. # 8221 ; Indeed, the British consumer might hold been tempted to inquire? What depression? ? as public` s rewards rose at a clip when monetary values were falling and they were now able to purchase # 8220 ; consumer # 8221 ; merchandises, which were supplied by Germany and non Britain. Ensor grounds that ( 16 ) ? If we combine the monetary value and pay motions together in order to happen the motion of `real wages` , we may cipher that every bit between 1860 and 1900 they had improved about 77 per cent? Britain was go oning to put abroad and in the old original industries, as the cost of replacing works would hold been prohibitory and net incomes remained satisfactory. Saul` s influential work is satisfied that ( 17 ) ? It is evident that there is no 1 ground for Britain` s evident industrial diminution. There may hold been institutional jobs but the heritage of Britain `s industrial start and the curious market troubles of the late 19th century are the most positive grounds we can suggest. It is adequate to cognize that the rate of growing of productiveness had been falling steadily for 30 old ages or more and that this was in direct contrast to Britain` s chief rivals. ? DORMOIS contends that by 1913, Britain still enjoyed the highest criterion of life and had transformed the `first industrial nation` into the first mass ingestion society, in that services had outgrown fabrication activities, was basking the fruits of her earlier enterprise, and was? still the illustration historically closest to optimum wealth creation. ? ( 18 ) It appears so, in decision, that early British bookmans of this period of the economic system have been unduly harsh on the British enterpriser. He was n` T? the most of import individual ground for the comparative diminution of the British economic system? , but his rawness of the unprecedented complexnesss of a new universe economic system were surely a factor. His errors, in hindsight were apprehensible, but non rather every bit serious as first idea, and it was about as if Britain was economically pre-ordained to germinate instead into the domination of the trade and finance industry. BibliographyDerek Aldcroft, `The enterpriser and the British economy` , in `Economic History Review`2nd ser. , 17 ( August 1964 ) pp.113-134. In Donald N. McCloskey with Lars G. Sandberg, ? From damnation to Redemption: Opinions on the Late Victorian Entrepreneur, ? in Donald N. McCloskey ( erectile dysfunction ) ; `Enterprise and Trade in Victorian Britain, Essays in Historical Economics, ` ( London, George Allen A ; Unwin 1981 ) . Derek Aldcroft ( erectile dysfunction ) , ` Development of British industry p 34f in Donald N. McCloskey with Lars G. Sandberg, ? From damnation to Redemption: Opinions on the Late Victorian Entrepreneur, ? in Donald N. McCloskey ( erectile dysfunction ) ; `Enterprise and Trade in Victorian Britain, Essays in Historical Economics, ` ( London, George Allen A ; Unwin 1981 ) . Francois Crouzet, `The Victorian Economy` , ( London, Methuen A ; Co Ltd, 1982 ) . Michael Dintenfass, ` The Decline of Industrial Britain 1870-1980` ( London, Routledge 1992 ) Jean-Pierre Dormois, `Late Victorian Economic Performance in the Continental Mirror` in `Nederlansch Economisch-Historisch Archief Volume 7 Number 2, ` ( Netherlands,1993 ) p.107-122 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.neha.nl/publications/bul9302_dormois.htmlSir Robert Ensor, `England 1870-1914` ( Oxford, Clarendon Press in Oxford 1936 ) E.J. Hobsbawm, `Industry and Empire` ( London, Pelican 1968 ) P.Lundgreen, `The administration of scientific discipline and engineering in France: a German perspective` , in R.Fox and G. Weisz, eds. , ? The administration of scientific discipline and engineering in France? ( Cambridge,1980 ) in Jean-Pierre Dormois, `Late Victorian Economic Performance in the Continental Mirror` in `Nederlansch Economisch-Historisch Archief Volume 7 Number 2, ` ( Netherlands,1993 ) p.107-122 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.neha.nl/publications/bul9302_dormois.htmlDonald N. McCloskey with Lars G. Sandberg, ? From damnation to Redemption: Opinions on the Late Victorian Entrepreneur, ? in Donald N. McCloskey ( erectile dysfunction ) ; ? Enterprise and Trade in Victorian Britain, Essays in Historical Economics, ? ( London, George Allen A ; Unwin 1981 ) L.G.Sandberg, ? The Entrepreneur and technological alteration? in Roderick Floud and Donald McCloskey explosive detection systems, ? The Economic History of Britain since 1700. 2.1860 to the 1970s? , ( Cambridge, Cambridge University Press 1981 ) S. B. Saul, `The Myth of the Great Depression` ( London, Papermac 1969 ) Barry Supple, `Foreword` in Donald N. McCloskey, ed? Enterprise and Trade in Victorian Britain, Essays in Historical Economics? ( London, George Allen A ; Unwin 1981 ) Footnotes ( 1 ) in McCloskey,1981, p. thirteen ) ( 2 ) in McCloskey, 1964, p.57 ( 3 ) ( Ensor,1936, p.277 ) ( 4 ) ( Dintenfass,1992, p.19 ) ( 5 ) ( Dintenfass, 1992 p38 ) ( 6 ) ( Hobsbawm,1968, p.168-169 ) ( 7 ) ( Hobsbawm, 1968, p. 185 ) ( 8 ) ( Lundgreen, 1980, p.311-332 ) ( 9 ) ( Sandberg, 1981, p.102 ) ( 10 ) ( Dintenfass,1992, p.26 ) ( 11 ) ( Dormois,1993, p.107-122 ) ( 12 ) ( McCloskey,1981, p.62 ) . ( 13 ) ( Aldcroft.ed,1968, p.34 ) ( 14 ) ( Francois Crouzet, 1982 p. 379 ) ( 15 ) ( Supple,1981, p. twelve ) ( 16 ) ( Ensor:1936: p.275 ) ( 17 ) ( SB Saul, 1969, p.220 ) ( 18 ) ( Dormois, 1993, P. 107-122 )

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Free Is Expensive Does Making College Tuition Free Essay Example For Students

Free Is Expensive : Does Making College Tuition Free? Essay Free Is ExpensiveDoes making college tuition free in America actually sound possible? At first thought the concept draws the support of many, however the reality is that nothing in this world is actually free. Unfortunately the shortcuts in life that many think of always fail. Even the best free college tuition plan created by Americans falls into the pile of failed ideas. Free higher education seems practical and beneficial for society until a numerous detailed looks are taken. While it is true that free tuition is already used some smaller countries, the fact of the matter is that America has historically show to be at its best when its society endures hard work rather than receiving a free ride. Any attempt to install a free college learning experience in America should not be supported because it would require a tax raise that slows economic growth drastically, students would treat college how they treat high school, and tax money should be used for budgets that are needed rather than wanted. When a tax raise occurs, people stop giving the economy the money it needs to run functionally because competition among businesses diminishes while unemployment rises. Instead that money is now going to taxes which have deadly effects. Society makes their financial decisions based on the state of the economy meaning that once an economy weakens, many things have gone wrong. When it comes to monetary value, businesses are at their best when they are competing. In a non-competitive environment, owners do not learn what works best for their company. Managers also no longer learn how to manage a diverse range of employees. Their only focus becomes generating max profit for their bosses because the consumers are weakest when they are depriv. .comes profitable for universities to take advantage of. Universities sole focus should be the education quality, so in the case that more money is given to them instead of students, they will have the funds they need without increasing tuition even more. Their focus should then shift to making sure students graduate and do it on time so that they are not accumulating any large debt. The way to do this is by hiring the best quality professors and developing new teaching methods which is possible if the money is shifted to the right place. Making everything free will never solve the problem and those that think it will need to look back to when America was number one in college graduation rate when tuition was still not free. When the time comes that America has the best college graduation rate again it will be solely because of the success rate of students attending.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Right to privacy Essays - Digital Rights, Human Rights,

The U. S. Constitution contains no express right to privacy. The Bill of Rights, however, reflects the concern of James Madison and other framers for protecting specific aspects of privacy, such as the privacy of beliefs (1st Amendment), privacy of the home against demands that it be used to house soldiers (3rd Amendment), privacy of the person and possessions as against unreasonable searches (4th Amendment), and the 5th Amendment's privilege against self-incrimination, which provides protection for the privacy of personal information. In addition, the Ninth Amendment states that the "enumeration of certain rights" in the Bill of Rights "shall not be construed to deny or disparage other rights retained by the people." The meaning of the Ninth Amendment is elusive, but some persons (including Justice Goldberg in his Griswold concurrence) have interpreted the Ninth Amendment as justification for broadly reading the Bill of Rights to protect privacy in ways not specifically provided in the first eight amendments. The question of whether the Constitution protects privacy in ways not expressly provided in the Bill of Rights is controversial. Many originalists, including most famously Judge Robert Bork in his ill-fated Supreme Court confirmation hearings, have argued that no such general right of privacy exists. The Supreme Court, however, beginning as early as 1923 and continuing through its recent decisions, has broadly read the "liberty" guarantee of the Fourteenth Amendment to guarantee a fairly broad right of privacy that has come to encompass decisions about child rearing, procreation, marriage, and termination of medical treatment. Polls show most Americans support this broader reading of the Constitution. The Supreme Court, in two decisions in the 1920s, read the Fourteenth Amendment's liberty clause to prohibit states from interfering with the private decisions of educators and parents to shape the education of children. In Meyer v Nebraska (1923), the Supreme Court struck down a state law that prohibited the teaching of German and other foreign languages to children until the ninth grade. The state argued that foreign languages could lead to inculcating in students "ideas and sentiments foreign to the best interests of this country." The Court, however, in a 7 to 2 decision written by Justice McReynolds concluded that the state failed to show a compelling need to infringe upon the rights of parents and teachers to decide what course of education is best for young students. Justice McReynolds wrote: "While this court has not attempted to define with exactness the liberty thus guaranteed, the term has received much consideration and some of the included things have been definitely stated. Without doubt, it denotes not merely freedom from bodily restraint but also the right of the individual to contract, to engage in any of the common occupations of life, to acquire useful knowledge, to marry, establish a home and bring up children, to worship God according to the dictates of his own conscience, and generally to enjoy those privileges long recognized at common law as essential to the orderly pursuit of happiness by free men." Two years late, in Pierce v Society of Sisters, the Court applied the principles of Meyer to strike down an Oregon law that compelled all children to attend public schools, a law that would have effectively closed all parochial schools in the state. The privacy doctrine of the 1920s gained renewed life in the Warren Court of the 1960s when, in Griswold v Connecticut (1965), the Court struck down a state law prohibiting the possession, sale, and distribution of contraceptives to married couples. Different justifications were offered for the conclusion, ranging from Court's opinion by Justice Douglas that saw the "penumbras" and "emanations" of various Bill of Rights guarantees as creating "a zone of privacy," to Justice Goldberg's partial reliance on the Ninth Amendment's reference to "other rights retained by the people," to Justice Harlan's decision arguing that the Fourteenth Amendment's liberty clause forbade the state from engaging in conduct (such as search of marital bedrooms for evidence of illicit contraceptives) that was inconsistent with a government based "on the concept of ordered liberty." In 1969, the Court unanimously concluded that the right of privacy protected an individual's right to possess and view pornography (including pornography that might be the basis for a criminal prosecution against its manufacturer

Sunday, November 24, 2019

How to Dry Nails Fast Using Science

How to Dry Nails Fast Using Science The internet is full of tips that supposedly dry your nails faster, but which ones actually work? Heres a look at some of the most common ideas and whether or not they will speed your drying time. Plunging Wet Nails into Ice Water This doesnt work! If it did, dont you think every nail tech out there would be doing it? Think about it... nail polish is a polymer, formed by a chemical reaction. Lowering the temperature lowers the rate of the chemical reaction, plus it slows the evaporation of the solvents in the polish. Yes, the icy water may thicken the polish so it seems to dry more quickly, but the only way to get a hard coat of polish is to let it dry. The cold water wont hurt anything, but it wont speed things up  unless you dry your hands under an air dryer afterward. If you think this works, consider how much time you spend with your hands in ice water and compare it against normal drying. Or, conduct your own science experiment and put one hand in the ice water and leave one to dry on its own. Putting Hands in the Freezer This is not the most economical method, but its unlikely to hurt anything other than your electric bill. The cold can thicken the polish while the circulating air evaporates the solvent. Using a Blow Dryer or Fan This speeds the set of the film former (usually nitrocellulose). Just be sure you dont use so much force that you blow ripples into your polish (unless that is the desired effect). Apply a Quick-Dry Product These contain solvents that evaporate quickly, pulling the liquid in the polish along with them. Apply Cooking Spray Whether or not this works depends on the product. If you simply pressurize oil, youre not going to see much of an effect aside from moisturized hands. On the other hand (hah), if the spray contains a propellant, it will evaporate quickly, acting like a quick-dry product. Spray Nails with Canned Air Again, this works much like a quick-dry product. Canned air is a little expensive, so you might want to blow keyboard chow out of your laptop and opt for an inexpensive quick-drying top coat instead. What works and what doesnt? Quick drying polish is effective, plus it matters whats in the product.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Nuclear Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Nuclear Power - Essay Example In addition, nuclear power provides steady electricity that significantly helps in the reduction of frequent power outages usually experienced in areas with no nuclear energy. The alternative energy sources such as solar, wind, hydroelectricity, geothermal, wave, and tidal power lacks the capacity to deliver reliable and cheap power the world needs (McLeish, 2007). Hence, the world and humanity can no longer overlook nuclear power due to its potential to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. Besides, accidents that are associated with nuclear energy are relatively low compared to those resulting from fossil fuels and other energy sources. In addition, nuclear power is more consistent and dependable compared to several alternative sources of energy. It is obviously difficult to use water or wind power consistently because quite often there is no enough water or wind (McLeish, 2007). Solar panels can also be too expensive. Lastly, nuclear energy is arguably the alternative of fossil fuel. Continuous use of fossil fuels could result in more global warming and more deaths, particularly when they are eventually used up. In summary, nuclear power is the best energy option for the world because it is safe, consistent, reliable, and reduces carbon emissions into the atmosphere. Hence, it should be a way to go as the next source of energy or an alternative of fossil

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

CASE 5 Information Security and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CASE 5 Information Security and Ethics - Essay Example Because it is unfortunate that a leakage of information committed by an internal employee who accesses almost every details of the valuable information daily. This issue no doubt harms the ethical bonding between the employees and the organizations. But in the case of external trespassing into the organization’s confidential information zone, the blame would directly go to its security system which basically shows the loopholes of its security protocols. But, this is another issue. The organization should make the employees of all levels signed into the document where policies have been stated transparently after distributing and describing the issues about information security. Definitely, an organization containing three employees would differ from the organization with manpower of thousand people in the sense of organizational information policy. The implementation of the e-business framework has led many organizations into serious threat about information security. From the very commencement of the internet, rather say the from the beginning the internet has came with complications and vulnerabilities that is- its basic communications as well as the nodes, norms about its protocols, authentication of its network and host frameworks etc. Dissatisfied employees, hackers, opponents and other stakeholders destroyed the internet’s vulnerabilities which caused damages of privacy, financial damages, loosing of customers, interruption in the activities and unpredictability. Many employees were allowed to access internet for authentic business purpose but actually the result went to misuse of information either from lack of compassion for uncertainty, or lack of consciousness of authentic usage of internet in the organization or exactly by the wicked intension. For these reasons, some protocols are generally set inside an org anization to make the information security system more

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Literature Review & Practical Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Literature Review & Practical - Assignment Example Negotiation with the Chinese has been identified as a critical factor in developing business relationships with the Chinese. In order to understand the Chinese negotiation style, researchers have drawn from the findings of the research conducted by Hofstede with respect to analyzing various cultures on the basis of certain dimensions. These dimensions include power distance, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and long term orientation. The Chinese society tends to be characterized by high power distance, low masculinity, high uncertainty avoidance and long term orientation. This is reflected in how deference is shown to those who are higher up in the social hierarchy. Furthermore, decision making is largely influenced by the highly collectivist nature of the Chinese people who tend to take pride in social gains rather than individual ones. As a result of this and the moderate masculinity, the Chinese are generally less ambitious and do not seek personal achievements by and large. Sat isfaction is derived primarily from social order and harmony. Another critical basis of analyzing the Chinese negotiation style is to draw the line between cultures that are labelled as â€Å"high context† and those labelled as â€Å"low context†. ... ext cultures, on the other hand, rely more on verbal communication and negotiation and direct eye-to-eye contact that is missing in cultures such as that of the Chinese. Managers under low context cultures, therefore, tend to be result-driven and focused on getting things done as soon as possible which leads them to negotiate aggressively. Under high context cultures, however, managers tend to focus on building interpersonal relationships as well as trust on an individual level before negotiating on business matters. Therefore, it is not surprising to see hospitality being extended through social gatherings particularly meeting in restaurants. Giving expensive gifts and discussing personal topics such as family wellbeing are a commonplace in the Chinese negotiation style (Edfelt, 2010). The principal force guiding Chinese negotiation is Guanxi. Guanxi is described as the web of personal connections that is quintessential to get things going and done (Edfelt, 2010). Legal contracts ar e, therefore, overshadowed by interpersonal relationships. Guanxi is therefore, essentially an implied commitment which two or more people share with the belief that their current relationship is heavily influenced by the possibilities that lie in the future (Edfelt, 2010). As a result, the Chinese may not trust the party they are dealing with during the negotiation process which is why they may be reluctant to hand over significant responsibility to the other party. This has been illustrated by one of the negotiations between employees of a Western firm called Electrolux and a Chinese firm called Motosuzhou. The negotiation pertained to the formation of a joint venture between the two firms. However, as it turned out, the Chinese delegation engaged in significant effort to analyze whether

Friday, November 15, 2019

Accessing Health and Social Care in the UK

Accessing Health and Social Care in the UK When the National Health Services (NHS) was founded in 1948, one of the principles was to provide complete services to all and free at the time of need in UK (nursing times.net 2009). Access to healthcare services is based on clinical needs of an individual and not the ability to pay the services. This means everyone has the rights of accessing to health and social care, although it is still a major problem for low social group and ethnic minority who are facing personal, socio economic, cultural and problems happening as results of the structure of health and social care processes (POSTNOTE 2007). In this essay, a case study will be used to demonstrate a patient with learning disability who faces various problems during his access to health and social care services and factors that contributed to these problems. Also it will focus on how nurses could support these individuals to make decisions about their care. The meaning of learning disability will be explained. The assignment will also look at major cultural and social economic influencing the health and health choices of individuals. Also it will analyze the differences between health education and health promotion and with their importance in individual in accessing health and social care. The challenges inherent in meeting the needs of people of varying abilities and social backgrounds will be look at as well as the factors that trigger the accessing of multi-professional health and social service. The essay will also discuss the understanding of the legislation related to the provision of health and social care, as a nu rse why are we needed to be aware of the inequalities in provision. A name mentioned in the case study has been changed in order to comply with the code of NMC (2008) and consent was obtained from the patient and the name Anil will be used in stead. Anil is a boy of eighteen years old who came to UK from South East Asia seven years ago. He lives with his parents in the housing estate of East London where majority are ethnic from South Asia. His father who earns minimum wages works in a food factory in six days a week, speaks English and his mother is a fulltime housewife and does not speak English, only Hindu. Anil was born with Asperger syndrome, a lifelong disability that affects how a person makes sense of the world, processes information and relates to other people. People with Asperger can find difficult to communicate and interacts with other (NAS 2010). Anil had never been to hospital in India and he was treated by traditional healers. He only started seeks medical assistance when he moved to UK. Anil physical condition has deteriorated recently. He does not eat well; look tired, sometimes suffered headache and finding difficult in sleeping. Since he came to UK, he had been to school for three years only and he never had friends. He does not mix well with other people and his parents do not bother about this. At times he lets himself become a little neglected. Anil represents a small and vulnerable group in a society who find difficulty in accessing and using health and social care because of the greater health care needs they have than general population. Motor and sensory disabilities, Epilepsy, hypertension and Alzheimers disease are some of the conditions that are common in this group (NURSING STANDARD 2010). The MENCAP report (DEATH IN DEFFERENCES 2007) states that people with learning disability are being treated wrongly in all part of healthcare provision and they are not equally valued in the health services. The government also revealed that people with learning disabilities are poorer particularly uptake of invitations on primary care and hospital provisions such as access screening services (ALD 200/01). Because of their greater needs of healthcare, they are more prone to a wide variety of additional physical and mental health problems as it shows to Anil. According to Tudor- Hart (cited in Hart 1985) there is an increasing in e vidence of an inverse care law where those who needs are greatest get the least. Learning Disability is a life long condition which has a significantly reduced ability to understand new or complex information and it is vary from one person to another. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines learning disability as impairment of the body function which limits the activity of an individual in performing a task or action (WHO 2010) According to Thomas and Woods in their book Working with people with learning disabilities 11(2003), a learning disability is a terminology used to label people with lower level of intellectual that is lower than the average to normal people in the society. The term itself was widely accepted in England following a speech in 1996 to MENCAP by Stephen Dorrell, the then secretary for Health. From time to time the title and labels have changed and this has been driven by several influences. The term used to cover children with specific learning problems that may arises from a number of different things like emotional problems, medical problems and language impairment (BILD 2004). In the past, many people with learning disability were lived in institutions and have been labeled differently by their generations. Many different forms of terms have been used before. Terminology such as menace, sub- human organism, unspeakable objects of dread, holy innocent, diseased organism, eternal child and many more (WOLFENSBERGER,1972). There are about 1.5 million people with learning disability in UK who require different levels of support (MENCAP). It has been identified that approximately 26.5% of people who have learning disability as being associated with genetic factors (Craft et al 1985). Learning Disabilities is caused by problems during brain development before, during and after birth (RCSLT 2009). There are different types of learning disabilities some of which are Asperger syndrome (a specific type of Autism) which affect a person the way interact to the world, reading disabilities, writing disabilities, non verbal learning disabilities (NVLD) and many more (ALD 2000-2010), reading disability (dyslexia), speech and listening disability, and auditory processing disorder. It is often detected in early childhood. In UK there are laws and policies which describe how the needs of people with learning disabilities should be met. The purpose of these laws and policies is to improve quality of life and based on empowerment, making choices and decision, having the same opportunity and rights as other people and social inclusion. Policy such as` valuing people which explain how the government will provide same opportunity and choice for people with learning disabilities and their families to live full and independent lives as part of their local communities and to ensure they gain maximum life chance benefit ( DOH 2010). The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 which is a piece of legislation promotes the rights of people with learning disabilities to access healthcare and other care services. Healthcare providers must respect, support them and their families and conforms to professional standard (NHS 2006). It is the NHS duty to make sure they provide an equal service that can be easily accessed by anyone according to this Act. Most of the people with learning disabilities have sensory and physical impairment that make it hard to make their choices and to understand by others. A piece of legislation which protects them in England is Mental Capacity Act 2005 which is empowers and protects vulnerable people who are not able to make their own decision. People with learning disability will still have the right to give their consent for daily living and accessing the services despite of having significantly reduced ability to understand new learning skills (NURSING STANDARD 2010). If the person lack a capacity of giving or refusing consent, it is still possible for care providers to provide care and treatments for the best interest of the person (DOH 2003). A survey showed that nearly 62%of all people with learning disabilities depend on their parents and other caregivers (EMERSON et al 2005). However, healthcare providers have a duty to understand and recognize the needs of a person with learning disabilities and make sure their needs are met. It is a nursing role to work in partnership with the clients to overcome barriers by identifying what management and decision to represent the person mostly professionally although clients and their cares may make their own decision. People with learning disabilities in lower social classes are particularly disadvantage relative to the higher social classes in accessing healthcare services because of physical, social, psychological and economic barriers that limit their full participation in society. Acheson (1998) identified the links between inequalities and poor health. He noted that health inequalities were widening with the poorest in society being more affected than those who are well off. The post code lottery which depends on where you might live is a big issue in NHS. The availability of better treatment, drugs and waiting time in a deprived area where people depend on state healthcare provisions will carry on experience poor access to services and treatment than those who have the power of buying services in private services (GUARDIAN 2000). People from ethnic backgrounds experience healthcare service differently due to their lack of knowledge which can be limited by the ability to communicate in English. They may find challenge to enter healthcare services because it may require, for example making a telephone call, appointment, coping with a queuing system and complex procedures ( NHS 2006). Different in cultures attitude and stigma between where they came from and UK can impact Anils health. It is believed that South Asian parents dont have positive attitudes towards disabilities because religious and superstitious beliefs (ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRIC 2003). Anils parents might not take his problem seriously because of their background and social stigma of having a child with disability (AUTISM-INDIA 2008). According to the report of Department of Health (2009) a review in development in tackling health inequalities of Acheson, recommended the improvement of living standards of people with lower income than average. Among the people in this group are people living in a deprived area and depend on social housing. Also people with learning disability may fail to get the necessary services because of lack of understanding about health issues articulating their needs based on their poor experiences of education system (Mathews 1996). Research carried out by Cartwright Obrien1976 found that General Practitioners spend far less time with their patients from lower classes ( cited in Hart 1985,p59). The situation may be more complex for service users who have little or no verbal communication and those with learning disability. A learning disability person may be unable to identify and describe the signs and symptoms requiring accurate medical attention. The information may not be presented in accessible format and the staffs may ask questions which can not understand (NURSING STANDARD 2010). Unavailability of an experience interpreter in the healthcare settings can be barrier. It can affect the sensitivity of patients values and attitudes. To use a professional interpreter can reassure patients to communicate and feel freer when describing their religious beliefs and unsatisfactory environment conditions but to healthcare professionals may feel disempowerment and may depend on interpreters in order to carry out their roles (ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHTRIC 2003). Sometimes physical access may be an issue for people with learning disability; they find their appointment times are often too short to understand the system because of their difficulties and transport needs to access healthcare facilities are more distant. Practitioners may be given job in deprived areas with all facility available but they may be in the risks of vandalism, theft and anti social behavior (Thomson J et al 2003 p59). The aims of the government today in UK is convince individuals to be more involved in their health. But the problems with availability of health promotion services and involvements are some of concern due to the restructuring of health and social care for people with learning disabilities has been accelerated by NHS and community care Act (DOH 1990, Emerson Et al 1996 chap 11). For example, most of the health promotion discussion and activities to accessing suitable primary healthcare is focus on medical involvements such as immunization (Stanley et al 1998 p71). Some of this medical approach can lead to reinforced dependency for people with learning disabilities. Those with severe learning disabilities, their needs are becoming known to service providers through secondary and tertiary care after being referred by primary care. Among health promotion is prevention which is focusing on decrease of risk occurrence of diseases, disabilities and handicap. These activities occur in health care settings. Primary prevention is to prevent from risk factors such as obesity through education, exercise and diet. Primary prevention produces information on various health issues in pictorial and easily understandable format such as cancer. On secondary prevention, it involves identifies early signs of diseases occurring such as cancer screening and tertiary prevention is involves reducing the impact of the disease and promoting quality of life through active rehabilitation (Thomson et al 2003). Anils state of confusion may be caused a number of factors which might need further investigation. It is the duty of his General Practitioner (primary prevention) to refer him to hospital (secondary prevention) for investigation. A consultant may decide whether Anil has physical or mental illness. To deal with and removing barriers such as difficulty with interpersonal communication, health promotion will need to promote inclusion and reduce inequalities in service provision (Thomson et al 2003 p129). World Health Organization (2010) has made it clear that health promotion is the process of enabling individual to improve and increase control of their health. Many primary healthcare professional do not have skills to overcome this problem as results those people who have learning disabilities are less likely to receive lifestyle advice than those who do not have learning disabilities (Fitzsimmons Barr 1997). Learning disability nurses have a variety of skills in communication and observations which could be useful to teach other healthcare professionals in health and social care settings (Thomson et al 2003 p131) Health education as a part of health promotion is defined as a planned communication activities designed to attract well being and ill health in individuals and group through influencing the knowledge, belief, attitudes and behavior of those in power of the community at large (Tannahill 1985p167-8). For people with learning disabilities, health education might promote social inclusion through decreasing negative stereotyping by valuing and respecting their needs. On a more individual level, people who receive health education messages have a choice to decide whether to follow or not the message given (Thomson J et al 2003). Building partnerships between nurses, careers, other professional and people with learning disabilities is essential in order to promote and educating health by identifying their physical and mental health condition (DOH 1995). A partnership is not only the way to bring up to date statutory services but also is about developing and acknowledging the collective responsibility for the health and wellbeing of the community which they belong (Thomson J et al 2003, p102). Having the opportunity to make choice about their healthcare is critical to their sense of inclusion in society. It is also a key factor in allowing individual like Anil to feel in control of his life. The NMC (National Midwifery Council) code of 2008sets out number of responsibilities on nurses to promote choice and respect the decisions of those they care. Nurses need to help them making their choice by making some simple adaptations. The first step can be taking a little more time to explain something and giving the person with learning disability more time to understand what is being said (NURSING STANDARDS 2010, P53). Other approach could be the involvement of relative or paid career not to make choice on behalf of the person with learning disability but to use their knowledge of the person to help the care professional interpret or to explain treatment options. In all this processes, nurses need to ensure that they obtain consent before they begin assessment and treatment. Any decision to be taken by the staff must be in the interests of the person and must regard to his or her human rights. To conclude, the essay has set out key difficulties experienced by people with learning disabilities in accessing healthcare services and the gap between rich and poor who are accessing healthcare appear to be widening. People who have learning disabilities are generally underestimated and find themselves failure to succeed their expectation. They experience more health problems than any other group in a society but use healthcare services less than the general population (RODGER 1996). Inequalities in health for people with learning disabilities must be dealt with by healthcare providers in health care provision with the aim of closing the division between the general public experiences and this group. By using good quality of health care and respecting peoples rights to access, and making reasonable adjustment, the lives of people with learning disabilities can be changed. Healthcare providers have a duty to ensure that people with learning disabilities are offered regular checking and are included in health screening program.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Reasons For The Cold War Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Cold War With the aim of preventing East Germans from seeking asylum in the West, the East German government in 1961 began constructing a system of concrete and barbed-wire barriers between East and West Berlin. This Berlin Wall endured for nearly thirty years, a symbol not only of the division of Germany but of the larger conflict between the Communist and non-Communist worlds. The Wall ceased to be a barrier when East Germany ended restrictions on emigration in November 1989. The Wall was largely dismantled in the year preceding the reunification of Germany. The victorious Allies agreed to give most of Eastern Germany to Poland and the USSR, and then divide the rest into four zones of occupation. However, they could not agree of whether or how to reunite the four zones. "As Cold War tensions grew, stimulated in part by the German situation itself, the temporary dividing line between the Soviet zone in the East and the British, French, and U.S. zones in the West hardened i nto a permanent boundary. In 1949, shortly after the Western powers permitted their zones to unite and restore parliamentary democracy in the Federal Republic of Germany, the Russians installed a puppet regime of German Communists in the East, creating the German Democratic Re-public."(Niewyk, 1995) According to Galante (1965, p.vii) "a city is the people who live in it. Berlin is 3,350,000 people in twenty boroughs. A rich city of factories, an airy city of farms and parks and woods and lakes†¦On Sunday, August 13, 1961 Herr Walter Ulbricht stopped that. He built the Wall." One reason for the building of the Wall was due to the more than fifty-two thousand East Berliners who crossed the border everyday to work in West Berlin. These people were referred to as the "grenzgaenger or border crossers." "East Berliners said the grenzgaenger were parasite who should stay and work on the East side of the boundary, for the benefit of Communism and the prosp erity of the German Democratic Republic."(Galante, p.3) Gelb (1986, p.3) states, "Berlin was where the Cold War began with a Soviet blockade, where Soviet and American tanks faced each other virtually snout-to-snout for the first time, and where the grisly game of nuclear brinkmanship was introduced." The Wall was constructed of concrete and steel and barbed wire. It was 28 miles long, if stra... ...), p.23) On Sunday, 18 March 1990, East Germans held the first free election on their territory since 1933-"the first fully free election in Eastern Europe since the Second World War."(Borneman, p.229) The wall opened because its reason for existence had disappeared. The East German regime erected it in 1961 to stem the flow of refugees to the West. In a paradox of history, the same government was forced to open the Wall in a desperate, last-ditch effort to stop an even more massive wave of deflections in 1989. Bibliography References Borneman, John (1991). After the Wall. U.S.: Basic Books, Inc. Cate, Curtis (1978). The Ides of August. New York: M. Evans & Company, Inc. Galante, Pierre (1965). The Berlin Wall. New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc. Gelb, Norman (1986). The Berlin Wall. New York: Times Books. Bornstein, Jerry (1990). The Wall Came Tumbling Down. New York: Outlet Book Company, Inc. Heaps, W.A. (1964). The Wall of Shame. New York: Meredith Press. Niewyk, D.L. (1995). Groliers Multimedia Encyclopedia. Garrard, Margaret (1989). Facing Up to the German Question Newsweek, pp. 51-52 Anderson, Harry (1989). A Mixed Blessing for Bonn Newsweek, pp. 33-34 v

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Global warming †a serious warning Essay

I have a dream, that in a near future, the people of this world will come together as one. We could all come together as one and leave all our differences of color, religion, and political views behind us, to stand together to face what Bill McKibben calls the greatest challenge and threat mankind has ever faced: global warming. In 2007 Bill McKibben, an author, educator, and environmentalist, wrote the article, â€Å"Global Warning: Get Up! Stand Up!† to persuade people that we, the people on earth, have caused, and are still causing, the climate changes that have been taking place over the past decades. More than that, however, McKibben explains that something still needs to be done about it. McKibben uses extreme, yet reasonable, examples and methods to convey this message effectively. Global warming is the result of the greenhouse effect, which has increased since the human race started to burn fossil fuels in order to extract energy. When fossil fuels are being burnt, greenhouse gasses, such as carbon dioxide, set free into the atmosphere. The accumulative pollution causes the atmosphere to reflect heat radiation back towards the earth, instead of letting the gasses disappear into space, because the ozone layer gets thicker. However, without the greenhouse effect, our planet â€Å"would be 33 degrees Celsius coolerâ€Å" (â€Å"McKibben† 4). Since the carbon dioxide has already increased by one third in the atmosphere since the nineteenth century, the effect will be stronger and therefore more heat will be kept inside the atmosphere than before. This phenomenon, called global warming, leads to a hotter climate; as a matter of fact, the earth is today hotter than it has been in over 2000 years (â€Å"McKibben† 5-9). Warming – that word almost sounds inviting, like we all might live in a world twenty years from, that could be a tropical paradise where the extent of our problems would be pondering what Spf sunscreen to use. That is not the case, though. Thousands and thousands of climate scientists agree that  global warming is not only the most threatening environmental problem, but one of the greatest challenges facing all of humanity throughout humanity’s entire history (McKibben 595). To maintain the average temperature we need here on earth, the glaciers and the North Pole ice are a big factor because when the exact amount of ice melts, it evens out the ocean’s temperature and therefore stabilizes all the different ecosystems. All ecosystems are dependent on whether the temperature is just where it should be or not. In addition, some experts and people argue that it is not us, the people who have caused the climate changes; they claim global warming is a natural occurring phenomenon which has nothing to do with the actions of humans. They say there is not enough of proof to say that the human race is 100% responsible for the changes now taking place. They claim that events like these have been taking place regularly throughout the long history of earth, and there is nothing we can do about this (â€Å"The Galileo† 591-593). â€Å"A 54-year-old oceanographer [†¦] discovered that temperatures a thousand years ago, during the so-called medieval climate optimum, were two degrees Celsius warmer than today’s [average] and that the average temperature over the last three millennia was slightly warmer than today’s† (â€Å"The Galileo† 591-592). As a pretty active environmental activist from Brazil, a country advocating a change of living to reduce global warming, I can relate to many of McKibben’s attacks and aspects expressed in his article. According to McKibben, the most urgent thing right now is to recognize that there is a mix of solutions that can be implemented worldwide and instead of focusing on arguing about what is needed to be done, we need to take action. In other words, the most important thing is not what we do about it, but that we do something about it. All the people in the world have to start living under the â€Å"same roof†; we need to do what it is good for the world. To me, stopping global warming is so much more than just â€Å"saving electricity† or â€Å"walking instead use a car’’. Stopping global warming is about taking responsibility, not just for ourselves and our own actions, but for our friends and family, as well as our nation and the world that we live in — Earth. Stopping global warming is about the most honorable thing a man can  do — saving lives. Works Cited â€Å"About Bill McKibben.†Bill McKibben. N.p., 2010. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. â€Å"The Galileo of Global Warming.† Perspectives on Contemporary Issues. Ed. Katherine McKibben, Bill. â€Å"Global Warning: Get Up! Stand Up!† Perspectives on Contemporary

Friday, November 8, 2019

The Parthian Empire

The Parthian Empire Traditionally, the Parthian Empire (Arsacid Empire) lasted from 247 B.C. – A.D. 224. The starting date is the time of which the Parthians occupied the satrapy of the Seleucid Empire known as Parthia (modern Turkmenistan). The end date marks the start of the Sassanid Empire. The founder of the Parthian Empire is said to have been Arsaces of the tribe of the Parni (a semi-nomadic steppe people), for which reason the Parthian era is also referred to as the Arsacid. There is a debate over the founding date. The high date sets the founding between 261 and 246 B.C., while the low date sets the founding between c. 240/39 and c. 237 B.C. The Extent of the Empire While the Parthian Empire started as the Parthian satrapy, it expanded and diversified. Eventually, it extended from the Euphrates to the Indus Rivers, covering Iran, Iraq, and most of Afghanistan. Although it came to embrace most of the territory occupied by the Seleucid monarchs, the Parthians never conquered Syria. The capital of the Parthian Empire was originally Arsak, but it later moved to Ctesiphon. A Sassanid prince from Fars (Persis, in southern Iran), rebelled against the last Parthian king, the Arsacid Artabanus V, thereby starting the Sassanid era. Parthian Literature In Looking East from the Classical World: Colonialism, Culture, and Trade from Alexander the Great to Shapur I, Fergus Millar says that no literature in an Iranian language survives from the entire Parthian period. He adds that there is documentation from the Parthian period, but its scanty and mostly in Greek. Government The government of the Parthian Empire has been described as an unstable, decentralized political system, but also a step in the direction of the first highly integrated, bureaucratically complex empires in Southwest Asia [Wenke]. It was, for much of its existence, a coalition of vassal states with tense relationships among rival ethnic groups. It was also subject to outside pressure from Kushans, Arabs, Romans, and others. Sources Josef Wiesehà ¶fer Parthia, Parthian empire The Oxford Companion to Classical Civilization. Ed. Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth. Oxford University Press, 1998. Elymeans, Parthians, and the Evolution of Empires in Southwestern Iran, Robert J. Wenke; Journal of the American Oriental Society (1981), pp. 303-315. Looking East from the Classical World: Colonialism, Culture, and Trade from Alexander the Great to Shapur I, by Fergus Millar; The International History Review (1998), pp. 507-531. The Date of the Secession of Parthia from the Seleucid Kingdom, by Kai Brodersen; Historia: Zeitschrift fà ¼r Alte Geschichte (1986), pp. 378-381

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Practice in Identifying and Correcting Verb Tense Errors

Practice in Identifying and Correcting Verb Tense Errors This proofreading exercise will give you practice in identifying and correcting verb tense errors. Before attempting the exercise, you may find it useful to review our pages on regular verbs and irregular verbs. Instructions The following passage contains 10 errors in verb tense. The first paragraph has no errors, but each of the remaining paragraphs contains at least one faulty verb form. Identify and correct these errors. When youre done, compare your answers with the key below. The Worst Tourist The least successful tourist on record is Mr. Nicholas Scotti of San Francisco. In 1977 he flew from America to his native Italy to visit relatives. En route, the plane made a one-hour fuel stop at Kennedy Airport. Thinking that he has arrived, Mr. Scotti got out and spends two days in New York believing he was in Rome. When his nephews are not there to meet him, Mr. Scotti assumes they had been delayed in the heavy Roman traffic mentioned in their letters. While tracking down their address, the great traveller could not help noticing that modernization had brushed aside most, if not all, of the ancient city’s landmarks. He also noticed that many people speak English with a distinct American accent. However, he just assumed that Americans were everywhere. Furthermore, he assumed it was for their benefit that so many street signs were written in English. Mr. Scotti spoke very little English himself and next ask a policeman (in Italian) the way to the bus depot. As chance would have it, the policeman came from Naples and replies fluently in the same tongue. After twelve hours traveling round on a bus, the driver handed him over to a second policeman. There followed a brief argument in which Mr. Scotti expresses amazement at the Rome police force employing someone who did not speak his own language. Even when told at last that he was in New York, Mr. Scotti refuses to believe it. He was return to the airport in a police car and sent back to California.–Adapted from Stephens Piles Book of Heroic Failures, 1979) Answers The least successful tourist on record is Mr. Nicholas Scotti of San Francisco. In 1977 he flew from America to his native Italy to visit relatives. En route, the plane made a one-hour fuel stop at Kennedy Airport. Thinking that he had arrived, Mr. Scotti got out and spent two days in New York believing he was in Rome. When his nephews were not there to meet him, Mr. Scotti assumed they had been delayed in the heavy Roman traffic mentioned in their letters. While tracking down their address, the great traveler could not help noticing that modernization had brushed aside most, if not all, of the ancient city’s landmarks. He also noticed that many people spoke English with a distinct American accent. However, he just assumed that Americans were everywhere. Furthermore, he assumed it was for their benefit that so many street signs were written in English. Mr. Scotti spoke very little English himself and next asked a policeman (in Italian) the way to the bus depot. As chance would have it, the policeman came from Naples and replied fluently in the same tongue. After twelve hours traveling round on a bus, the driver handed him over to a second policeman. There followed a brief argument in which Mr. Scotti expressed amazement at the Rome police force employing someone who did not speak his own language. Even when told at last that he was in New York, Mr. Scotti refused to believe it. He was returned to the airport in a police car and sent back to California.–Adapted from Stephens Piles Book of Heroic Failures, 1979

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Garbology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Garbology - Essay Example However taken as a whole they portray an unappealing picture about our priorities and lifestyle. The trash indicates that we can be wasteful at time and lazy since some of the disposed things can be reused in the future. Focusing on the female premises, we note that their trash is composed of mainly food remains that are collected from grocery stores and the food stalls. There are less trashes that indicate cases of alcohol or other drugs. The level of trash is high and this indicates that they hold social gathering at their premises. The female students are cautious and there is minimal trace of recyclable containers on their garbage. In the premises occupied by male students, I found evidence of fast food remains and various remains of foods from food stalls. The trash entails of sugar papers, coffee containers, and alcohol bottles, this indicates that the students consume alcohol. From the trash collected from both premises, we note that the socioeconomic class of the occupants is low since they are students. There are no valuable items collected from the trash unless for foods and other necessities such as body oil containers, and remains of soaps. There were cans of drinks that were not fully emptied, and many candy papers. Many containers from the garbage could be recycled but students opt to throw them away. In the female premises, there are birth control containers, and this indicated that the occupants were sexually active. From the male premises, there was an increase in alcohol cans, large amount of coffee containers and cigarettes. This indicates that the students used drugs. Two occupants occupied the premises and from the amount of food remains and increase in drinks can were too much for a single household. An increase in rubbish from the premises indicates that the occupants usually have some guests in the rooms. In conclusion, the economic culture of the occupants is developed since there are no ancient items discovered from the trash. It is

Friday, November 1, 2019

History- African Health and Society Research Paper

History- African Health and Society - Research Paper Example Africans relied on traditional medicine emanating mainly from plants. There were other believes about health and healing and some Africans believed on praying their God for healing. Though Africans criticized certain features of Western biomedicine, there were a variety of compromises and accommodations. Conflicts The proponents of Western biomedicine espoused an uncompromising stance toward African healing strategies. Through the introduction of Western biomedicine, the colonizers aimed to supersede traditional values, beliefs, and knowledge that were vital to African therapeutic practices. The Africans and Europeans were involved in conflict where the Africans aimed at guarding their traditional health practices, whereas the West aimed at replacing these African traditional health practices. In Kenya, the conflicts were manifest in avoidance of public hospitals and drug prescriptions, formal protests, and indifference to the European public health campaigns (Ndege 2002, 4).2 One co nflict arose as a result of the interpretation of the causes of diseases. Western biomedicine came along with hospitals and medical laboratories. This introduction and institutionalization of Western biomedicine led to empirical and intellectual conversations among Africans and the state regarding issues and implications concerning health, sickness, and therapy. The colonizers relied on laboratory based system to examine the causes of diseases, whereas Africans relied on traditional explanations concerning causes of diseases. The colonial government conducted aggressive public health campaigns, and this weakened the attempts by Africans to comprehend the objective of the state officials (Ndege 2002, 2).2 The colonial state established commissions of inquiry to address the problems of race and conflict, injustice and equality, and the power of the rulers and the followers. The colonial state gave little attention to the function of such commissions on the issue of health care (Ndege 2002, 3). For example, there is an argument that such commissions in South Africa are established by the state with an aim of legitimizing citizens’ minds and what the government desires, which the government is incapable of accomplishing through formal policy proclamations. However, the appointing authority of these commissions determined the final report of the commissions. A conflict arose in regard to recognition of Western biomedicine and African biomedicine. The laboratory system of the Western biomedicine enabled the identification of the causes of the diseases through the examination of the blood and other tissues. The colonial state absorbed, extended, and customized the medical operation of blood and other tissues, thereby embracing this brand of medicine irrevocably to the administration of the colonies. The colonial state did not accord similar recognition to the African medicine. The instantaneous conflict originated from the refutation of indigenous curative kno wledge, agency, and personhood. The denial motivated a domestic, cultural critique, which questioned the very principles that Western biomedicine advocated (Ndege 2002, 5).3 In particular, this happened during the shadow-boxing era of medical

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Business Financing and the Capital Structure Essay - 6

Business Financing and the Capital Structure - Essay Example Raising finance through friends and family members is the least expensive way to access funds since it avoids high interest loans. Friends and family members are more patient than lenders, such as banks. The major disadvantage is that the owners must give out approximately 50% of their business to the outsiders. This puts the venture in danger of losing their business fully. Some of them may over expect the amount of profits. This brings misunderstandings because they expect more than can be afforded. Investments from family and friends require a good explanation about the impact of the venture. The financial arrangements should all be business-like. Formal business processes should be followed regardless of the relationship between the lender and the borrower. The details of the borrowed money should be outlined. This involves the means of payment, and what would happen in case the business does not prosper (Wolff, 2000). The borrower should not accept more money than the investor could afford to lose. It may render the company bankrupt. Finally, a written contract should be availed for the business owner, friends, and family. The business should treat the money as bridge financing to the next financing level (Boa and Edmans, 2007). Any payment schedule developed should suit the entrepreneur and the lender. An exit plan should be available describing how the investors will cash out the investments. Debt capital is loan obtained that must be returned with interest. Debt capital form of financing has higher interest rate than loans given to small companies since they have higher risks of return trade off than bigger corporate consumers do. The entrepreneurs maintain complete ownership of the business. Borrowed capital is a liability on the balance sheet. The major advantage of debt financing is that the lender cannot own the business. Those who lend capital only require interest on the loan given. Debt financing cost

Monday, October 28, 2019

Battling Boycotts Essay Example for Free

Battling Boycotts Essay 1) Question: What type of boycotts the article is addressing? Answer: The type for the boycott is the companys nationality, it would seem that nothing could be done. The business is boycotted through no fault of its own. And a growing class of boycotts has very little to do with the actions or policies of an individual company. Instead they are related to the companys country of origin. After all, it is neither easy nor desirable to change the nationality of a company to shield it from a boycott attempt. 2) Question: What are the two dimensions along which the four strategies are developed? Explain? Answer: The two dimensions along which the four strategies are developed are: the visibility of the brand and the intensity of the boycott. Brand visibility is defined as an extent to a brand which is related to a country in its customers’ minds all over the world. The more visible the brand, the more likely it is to be targeted by boycotters. In people’s eyes, visibility is very important. For example, the brand is very popular in a given country where the customers don’t strongly consider about its original country. However, another situation is that, the foreign brand is associated with a country in customers’ minds. Intensity can be measured in terms of size, duration and aggressiveness. Size which means how many people are boycotting the brand or product. Duration refers to how long the boycott is likely to continue. And aggressiveness takes into account whether, in addition to boycotting products, violent acts are conducted against the outlets or offices of the company being boycotted. 3) Question: What strategies does the article suggest for businesses to adopt to handle boycotts of this type? Answer: The strategies that the article suggest for businesses to adopt to handle boycotts of this type are: emphasizing their connections to the local community, to countering misinformation with advertising and public-relations campaigns, to simply adopting a low profile. McDonalds is a high-visibility U.S. brand that has faced boycotts in different parts of the world. An anti-U.S. boycott was initiated in Egypt in recent years and has spread to other Arab countries. This action was because of the supporting to Israel by U.S.. Thus, local McDonald established some management to connect with their communities including tailoring menus to local tastes, including the introduction by McDonalds Egypt of the McFalafel sandwich, which was launched with the help of an ad jingle by a famous Egyptian singer. McDonalds franchisees in the Middle East and elsewhere also have long made contributions to local charities. What’s more, McDonald’s franchisees also presented a local face in Islamic countries, Argentina, and the Philippines, such as launched TV ads, wore traditional clothing, changed slogan and set charitable programs. For PG, they also changed logo and set some slogans to respond quickly to the rumors. In the case of a high-visibility brand facing a low-intensity boycott we suggest a strategy of monitoring and blending in. in a high-intensity boycott environment, a company with low visibility may be better off adopting a strategy of lowering its profile, rather than actively trying to offset any potential damage by touting its local connections. For example, a Saudi furniture store in Khobar that sells American furniture has tried lowering its visibility by changing its name from the Saudi-American Furniture Store to the Saudi Furniture Store. Because furniture isnt often distinctly associated with countries in the public mind, at least in the Middle East. A low-visibility company in a low-intensity boycott environment can simply maintain the status quo. But, they still must pay attention to the potential threats. 4) Question: In your opinion, what can companies do to influence their home governments policies that may affect their success in international markets? Answer: In my point of view, I think we can not leave our own national interests in dealing with foreign affairs of other countries. Of course, we are not only talking about the national interests, but also the fact of reason in a rational and favorable circumstances to select the struggle strategy. In addition, we must also realize that, in today’s globalization economic, countries in economic are interdependent which is extremely popular. To be successful, there are some factors. First, they must make sure they have an appropriate team, such as the CEO, the CFO, legal counsel, auditors, accounting. Then, they have to fit the actual schedule and the host countries customs. Secondly, they need to know some of the weaknesses in their own businesses, identify problems that may arise in other countries, employ a high-quality team, and improve operational efficiency. Finally, there is a high level of management support.