Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Business Financing and the Capital Structure Essay - 6

Business Financing and the Capital Structure - Essay Example Raising finance through friends and family members is the least expensive way to access funds since it avoids high interest loans. Friends and family members are more patient than lenders, such as banks. The major disadvantage is that the owners must give out approximately 50% of their business to the outsiders. This puts the venture in danger of losing their business fully. Some of them may over expect the amount of profits. This brings misunderstandings because they expect more than can be afforded. Investments from family and friends require a good explanation about the impact of the venture. The financial arrangements should all be business-like. Formal business processes should be followed regardless of the relationship between the lender and the borrower. The details of the borrowed money should be outlined. This involves the means of payment, and what would happen in case the business does not prosper (Wolff, 2000). The borrower should not accept more money than the investor could afford to lose. It may render the company bankrupt. Finally, a written contract should be availed for the business owner, friends, and family. The business should treat the money as bridge financing to the next financing level (Boa and Edmans, 2007). Any payment schedule developed should suit the entrepreneur and the lender. An exit plan should be available describing how the investors will cash out the investments. Debt capital is loan obtained that must be returned with interest. Debt capital form of financing has higher interest rate than loans given to small companies since they have higher risks of return trade off than bigger corporate consumers do. The entrepreneurs maintain complete ownership of the business. Borrowed capital is a liability on the balance sheet. The major advantage of debt financing is that the lender cannot own the business. Those who lend capital only require interest on the loan given. Debt financing cost

Monday, October 28, 2019

Battling Boycotts Essay Example for Free

Battling Boycotts Essay 1) Question: What type of boycotts the article is addressing? Answer: The type for the boycott is the companys nationality, it would seem that nothing could be done. The business is boycotted through no fault of its own. And a growing class of boycotts has very little to do with the actions or policies of an individual company. Instead they are related to the companys country of origin. After all, it is neither easy nor desirable to change the nationality of a company to shield it from a boycott attempt. 2) Question: What are the two dimensions along which the four strategies are developed? Explain? Answer: The two dimensions along which the four strategies are developed are: the visibility of the brand and the intensity of the boycott. Brand visibility is defined as an extent to a brand which is related to a country in its customers’ minds all over the world. The more visible the brand, the more likely it is to be targeted by boycotters. In people’s eyes, visibility is very important. For example, the brand is very popular in a given country where the customers don’t strongly consider about its original country. However, another situation is that, the foreign brand is associated with a country in customers’ minds. Intensity can be measured in terms of size, duration and aggressiveness. Size which means how many people are boycotting the brand or product. Duration refers to how long the boycott is likely to continue. And aggressiveness takes into account whether, in addition to boycotting products, violent acts are conducted against the outlets or offices of the company being boycotted. 3) Question: What strategies does the article suggest for businesses to adopt to handle boycotts of this type? Answer: The strategies that the article suggest for businesses to adopt to handle boycotts of this type are: emphasizing their connections to the local community, to countering misinformation with advertising and public-relations campaigns, to simply adopting a low profile. McDonalds is a high-visibility U.S. brand that has faced boycotts in different parts of the world. An anti-U.S. boycott was initiated in Egypt in recent years and has spread to other Arab countries. This action was because of the supporting to Israel by U.S.. Thus, local McDonald established some management to connect with their communities including tailoring menus to local tastes, including the introduction by McDonalds Egypt of the McFalafel sandwich, which was launched with the help of an ad jingle by a famous Egyptian singer. McDonalds franchisees in the Middle East and elsewhere also have long made contributions to local charities. What’s more, McDonald’s franchisees also presented a local face in Islamic countries, Argentina, and the Philippines, such as launched TV ads, wore traditional clothing, changed slogan and set charitable programs. For PG, they also changed logo and set some slogans to respond quickly to the rumors. In the case of a high-visibility brand facing a low-intensity boycott we suggest a strategy of monitoring and blending in. in a high-intensity boycott environment, a company with low visibility may be better off adopting a strategy of lowering its profile, rather than actively trying to offset any potential damage by touting its local connections. For example, a Saudi furniture store in Khobar that sells American furniture has tried lowering its visibility by changing its name from the Saudi-American Furniture Store to the Saudi Furniture Store. Because furniture isnt often distinctly associated with countries in the public mind, at least in the Middle East. A low-visibility company in a low-intensity boycott environment can simply maintain the status quo. But, they still must pay attention to the potential threats. 4) Question: In your opinion, what can companies do to influence their home governments policies that may affect their success in international markets? Answer: In my point of view, I think we can not leave our own national interests in dealing with foreign affairs of other countries. Of course, we are not only talking about the national interests, but also the fact of reason in a rational and favorable circumstances to select the struggle strategy. In addition, we must also realize that, in today’s globalization economic, countries in economic are interdependent which is extremely popular. To be successful, there are some factors. First, they must make sure they have an appropriate team, such as the CEO, the CFO, legal counsel, auditors, accounting. Then, they have to fit the actual schedule and the host countries customs. Secondly, they need to know some of the weaknesses in their own businesses, identify problems that may arise in other countries, employ a high-quality team, and improve operational efficiency. Finally, there is a high level of management support.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

An Examination of Standardized Testing Essay -- Standardized Testing Es

Do standardized tests really improve the quality of public education? For years they have been used to judge schools' academic performance and assess the needs of students. No longer can illiterates be graduated from high school. No longer can teachers pass a student from one grade to another without having taught that student anything (Spellings). While these advances are beneficial, standardized exams often hurt already disadvantaged schools, promote states to lower their standards of education, and cause schools to focus more on the exams themselves rather than on their students' actual learning (Karp). One of the major foundations of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act, a national law requiring public schools to distribute standardized tests at least once a year, is that schools may be sanctioned by the federal government as a result of poor test grades. Obviously, this threat places an extraordinary amount of stress on schools to do well on their exams and holds teachers and administrators more accountable. However, it also causes teachers to teach the test rather than their curriculum, allowing students to perform better on exams without actually understanding the tested material (Karp). Test-teaching has become so common that students may actually take classes helping them to improve test scores, and whole days of public school are spent teaching kids better and faster ways to eliminate wrong answers (Gallagher). Such usage of classroom time and faculty effort is by no means useful to any child?s education, and its pervasiveness is unacceptable. Indeed, the pervasiveness of test-teaching is now remarkable. Former president of the National Urban League Hugh Price urges parents to ??make certain your children can pass?a... ...on Gale. Cedar Park High School Lib., Cedar Park, TX. 11 December 2007 . Spellings, Margaret. ?Is Standardized Testing the Correct Answer? YES.? ED.gov. 14 October 2005. U.S. Department of Education. 9 December 2007 . Path: Press Room, Fact Sheets, Op-Eds, Op-Eds & Letters to the Editor, "Is Standardized Testing the Correct Answer? YES" appeared in the Atlanta Journal-Constitution. ?Standardized Tests.? PVCC Assessment Initiative. 20 October 2003. Maricopa Community Colleges. 9 December 2007 . Path: Employees, Assessment Initiative, General Assessment Resources, Standardized/National Exams. Whitaker, Mark. ?Byline.? Newsweek 2 June 2003: 6. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Thompson Gale. Cedar Park High School Lib., Cedar Park, TX. 6 December 2007 .

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Bullying & Statement of the Problem

Bullying is an issue that has been affecting many in the world today. It takes place in many forms some of which are direct and include physical harm on the victim. Verbal bullying involves name calling and insults or threats being directed at the victim and may also involve emotional bullying where the victim’s emotions are targeted by the bully. Other forms of bullying may be indirect where the harm is not caused on the person directly but it still ends up affecting the person. Bullying is termed as a form of abuse that uses power and dominance to those that are weaker and less powerful.Bullying has been taking place in various areas but it is mostly common in schools and workplaces. It exists in various social groups, social classes and is found all over the world. The behavior is usually repetitive and aggressive and it is based on the sole intention of hurting the victim. Bullies carry out the behavior to harm the other person as a way of gaining power over the other pers on. It is normally a behavior that is planned and purposeful. Bullying in schools has become very common and it has led to some very serious consequences.It has led to physical violence in forms of fight and in some extreme cases deaths by suicides. Cases have emerged of some forms of bullying in the schools that have led to some of these severe consequences. Children who are victims have had to live with short term and long term consequences of the behavior. Some of the other effects include poor performance in their studies, depression, bedwetting, being withdrawn, changing schools regularly and is some cases suicides among others (Norfolk, n. d). Over 7% of children especially in the 8th grade tend to stay at home once a month since they are bullied in schools (Banks, 1997).Reports have also shown that about 15% of students are bullied on a regular basis with some being initiated into the bullying practice. Direct bullying is more common among boys than with the girls. However ph ysical abuse in boys tends to reduce as they progress in age. The victims of bullying sometimes carry these effects such as depression and low self esteem into their adulthood. b) Historical Overview Bullying in schools has been on going for a long time now and is experienced in very many areas of the school.It occurs in some specific areas in the school compound and environment which include the School Bus Park, hallways and bathrooms and even during recess (Banks, 1997). It normally consists of a group of bullies who like isolating a student and bullying them by teasing and taunting the student. Some of them pressure the student to perform various tasks that humiliate the student. Teachers and school administrators have also been known to perpetrate bullying in the schools. They target a particular student and humiliate or abuse the student aggressively. The causes of bullying arise from the social setting of the bullies.The bullies usually get the trait from the family setting or from experiences from home. Studies have shown that most bullies emerge from families that experience physical forms of punishment and where the families are undergoing some form of abuse. School bullies tend to lack warmth from their parents and they then strike back through bulling other children in order to handle their problems. They may also acquire the behavior by learning it from friends and peers (Banks, 1997). There are several characteristics that bullies have in common especially in the schools.Most of the students who feel the need to bully others are usually looking to gain control since they normally feel more powerful than their intended victims. They tend to get satisfied once they see their victims suffering and they do not feel empathetic at all towards the victims (Stanffordshire, n. d). When defending themselves they sometimes use the reasons that the victim provoked them to bully them. Most bullies usually have high self esteem and they rarely perform the bully ing act since they feel bad for themselves. They are however antisocial, defiant and badly behaved.They tend to break rules and display a lot of arrogance and opposition in schools. Victims of bullies on the other hand are usually very insecure, cautious and they suffer from low self esteem (Olweus, n. d). They rarely confront the bullies to defend themselves. They are insecure and anxious and may lack social skills needed to make friends. They tend to come from families where their parents are overprotective. The major characteristic that is found with victims of bullying is that they are weaker than the bullies and this makes it difficult for them to fight the bullies back.The purpose of this paper is to advocate for laws to be passed across the U. S to ban bullying in schools and teachers and administrators being given more authority and responsibility to intercept and deal with bullying. This paper discusses bullying as a problem in schools n regard to how it has evolved in the past, its effects on the victims and how it can be stopped. The role of teachers and school administrators in the prevention of bullying is also highlighted together with their views and those of parents and legal sources.The various laws that have been passed by the U. S states are discussed and how important they are in relation to the increase in suicides cases among children and long term psychological impacts on victims. Finally the state of Massachusetts’ stand on bullying laws is discussed. 2. 0 Methodology This research paper is an insight into an in-depth analysis of a review of literature with respect to bullying and why laws should be passed across the United States on the same in an effort to curb this vice.Moreover, studies related to the giving of teachers and administrators more authority and responsibility to intercept and deal with bullying rather than ignoring it has been adequately studied. It bears noting that the focal point of the study is mainly on book s and other scholarly materials which tackle bullying from all aspects. This is particularly bent on the fact that much as many students go through this, some of the experiences they pass through in the process affect them adversely later in life. All the scholarly materials that were selected are either published books, certified websites and prestige journals.Moreover, these cover a wide range in terms of years because bullying is not an issue that began recently but has been there for quite some good time. It equally bears noting that all the articles analyzed were specifically from credible websites. Additionally, the research was limited to substantial secondary sources in order to employ studies already carried out by others on the same topic, primary sources were unavailable. To better analyze the whole idea, the paper was divided into categories based on the approach used to handle the whole research. 3.0 Literature Review Several studies have been done with regard to bullyi ng but the main points highlighted include the effects that come with bullying. Norfolk (n. d) puts it that children who are victims end up performing poorly in school, being depressed and some may even commit suicide. To back up this argument Banks (1997) points out that more than 7% of children in the 8th grade tend to stay at home once a month due to being bullied in school. On the same note, Stanffordshire (n. d) depicts that it is more satisfiying for the bullies to see their victims suffer.Further research indicates that victims of bullies are usually very insecure (Olweus, n. d), similarly Wright adds to the bargain by pointing out that th victims tend to have very low self esteem (2003). Moreover, Digizen (n. d) brings in a new perspective to the issues by incorporating the environment in the technological world creating anxiety among the children where children use the same for purposes of bullying. The legal view of the whole issue as pointed out by Antibullying ( n. d) is that the legal system should be efficient in weighing the matter and any cases brought forward.Likewise, authors such as Rota (2010), GLAD (2010) and O'Dowd ( 2010) have given specific suicide cases which are worth considering. Another noteworthy matter depicted in the studies of Dombeck (n. d) is that the primary outcome of the whole ordeal to the victims is to do with be loneliness being part of their life through to adulthood. It comes with relief that â€Å"Chapter 92 of the Acts of 2010,†(2010) is a law which has made it vital for anti bully policies to be posted on school websites and be made available to any student or parent if need arises. 4. 0 BullyingBullying is a serious problem that is affecting the academic and social lives of the school going children. In order to understand the problem and develop an intervention plan that can be used to stop it, it is important to identify the various forms of bullying that are going on within the schools and the trends they are taking. It is also important to understand how they are carried out and the effects that arise from the practice. This will help develop a plan that will be able to establish a safe and secure environment in the schools for all children. i) Evolution of BullyingBullying behavior has been continuously changing over the years. Different forms of bullying have emerged and they continue to develop and be used in the schools. Technology has played a very big role in the evolution of the behavior. The first forms of bullying that have existed over the years included both direct and indirect methods that were used in the practice. The methods continue to be in use till today but have been evolved by the use of technology. Name calling was one of the types of bullying that were used by the bullies on the victims (Stanffordshire, n.d). The victims were given certain names that were intended to humiliate them and lower their self esteem. The method has since evolved and is in use in more places rather than just in schools. Physical bullying has also evolved from the physical injuries that were inflicted on the victims and it has included theft as a method that is used to involve threats and lead to the violence. Social isolation that was once used to make the victims stay alone without friends and was experienced by children of all age groups has evolved to also include homophobic isolation.Homophobic isolation is the type of isolation that is practiced by the bullies on the children who are termed as gay or they are seen to be gay (Stanffordshire, n. d). It also includes those seen to be bisexual or they portray characteristics that make them seem to be associated with the opposite sex. It is being practiced in the secondary schools and higher levels of education. The method is normally spread through the social websites through gossip and in other websites. One form of bullying that has emerged in schools involves the abuse that is directed on children who are of different races and cultures.This form of bullying has been growing over the years with cases being reported that show the increase. The cases also show that the bullying is also changing according to the different age groups. 25% of children of age 8 were seen to be bullied more compared to the children who were 5 years who only made 20% of the overall cases in that age group (Stanffordshire, n. d). Cyber bullying is the latest and most commonly used form of bullying in the schools today. It continues to evolve with the changes in technology. It uses text messages, emails and various posts on websites as a way of bullying.Studies show that over 20% of young people in schools who are between the ages of 11 and 19 have been bullied through this form of bullying (Stanffordshire, n. d). The children in the schools today are growing up in a different technological world that is very different from that of the adults. They have experienced information and technological developments that they are now using to evolve the bullying practice. The environment in the technological world is becoming threatening and is creating anxiety among the children. They are misusing the technology especially the mobile and internet to bully others.Over 22% of young people have been reported to carry out cyber bulling (Digizen, n. d). They are able to carry out the whole practice remaining anonymous to the victim. This form of bullying has made it possible for the bullies to carry out the practice at any time or place (Digizen, n. d). ii) Effects of Bullying There are various consequences that are seen to arise from the practice of bullying. Students who are seen to bully others tend to carry the practice out of school and they tend to get involved in criminal activities and they experience a lot of legal trouble in their adulthood.They maintain this behavior even in the workplaces negatively affecting their ability to develop relationships that are positive. A study has proven that 60% of the students who were bullies when they were in grade 6-9 were convicted of a crime by the age of 24 (Banks, 1997). The bullies are also prone other problematic behaviors such as smoking, alcohol and drug abuse. Victims of bullying tend to be very unhappy while in schools and they end up getting depressed and have low self esteem (Wright, 2003). Their school work is affected and they may choose to remain at home instead of going to school.They tend to isolate themselves from social activities that involve the schools and this makes them even lonelier. The loneliness and depression may lead them to commit suicide. This is particularly in the cases of emotional bullying where the emotions are targeted by the bullies. The victims also have difficulties when forming relationships in the future. The by standers who witness the bullying also get affected by it. They are not able to stop the bullying or help out the victim even though he or she may be their friend. Some are usually afraid of becoming the next victim so they end up avoiding confronting the bully.Others on the other hand may be of the opinion that the victim deserved the bullying (Sampson, 2002). They may actively get involved by teasing and ostracizing the victim and motivating the bully. They may also feel less accountable for the actions that are going on when they are in a group. Hence they do not feel the urge to help the victim. iii) Role of Teachers and School Administrators Teachers and school administrators have a role to play in preventing bullying in the schools and making the schools a safe haven free from any bullying activities.They should first be aware of the existence of the problem so that they can develop measures to intervene. The teachers can help detect the existence of the practice and encourage the victims of bystanders to speak out. The interventions that are developed should be able to include the whole school and not intimidate the bullies or the victims either (Olweus , n. d). Teachers and the school administrators can also help identify the areas that are used by the bullies to attack the victims since they mostly do so in private and hidden areas. They should therefore eliminate the existence of such areas within the school’s compound.They can also involve the students to develop rules within the classrooms that are against the behavior. To increase awareness of the problem to the parents, the school administrators should develop parent teacher days to make the parents aware of the problem’s existence and the importance of the parents to get involved in the whole process (Sampson, 2002). iv) Views on Bullying in Schools a) Legal View The legal system rarely deals with cases of bullying though there are some laws that have been set up to fight against it. This is mainly because there are many cases of bullying that are not very serious.The legal system hence allows the school to deal with these small minor cases. Schools and the pa rents are given a chance to work together to come up with strategies that help prevent and stop it. It is important for the bullying cases to be handled quickly and efficiently before they bring more damages when they become too serious (Antibullying, n. d). This however does not eliminate the chances of legal action being used to stop the bullying. There are circumstances that call for legal intervention as a last resort due to the seriousness of the incident.The parents, victims and other bystanders have the responsibility to report the incident to the police. Legal action can also be carried out if the other methods that have been used to intervene by the parents and the teachers have failed. It is also encouraged when there is a possibility that the bullying will reduce once the case is reported. When the bullying also takes place outside the school compound, the parents and teachers together with the community can cooperate with the police to prevent and stop it. Bullying is tr eated as an offence that is against the law when it becomes too serious and the consequences are very damaging.It is seen to affect the rights of other individuals and their freedom. When it is carried out against other students on the basis of race and cultural differences it is termed as being racism (Antibullying, n. d). b) Parents, Teachers and School Administrators View Despite the seriousness of the matter, some views exist that portray the behavior of bullying as acceptable. Parents have been known to have views on bullying that encourage the practice even further especially if it is their child who is bullying others. Some parents hold the view that boys will be boys.This view tends to imply that physical bullying is an acceptable behavior and hence they encourage the children to be more aggressive and physically abuse other children. Research has proven that the aggressive behavior to bully is learnt and it is not a natural response (The National ALLIANCE for Parent Centers , 2003). Some other views that are used by parents include the view that words cannot hurt. This view is argued that even though the words do not leave any physical marks or bruises on the children they are able to leave emotional scars that are more damaging than the physical bruises and words.The words spoken tend to have long term consequences and effects on the victims as they affect the self esteem and confidence. Some bullies are able to learn this from an early age and they use this approach to intimidate other children (The National ALLIANCE for Parent Centers, 2003). Bullying by some parents is viewed as a natural part of childhood and they tend to dismiss their children when they disclose the fact that they are being bullied in schools (The National ALLIANCE for Parent Centers, 2003).Parents normally take up this view since the occurrence of bullying is so common hence it looks like a normal thing to occur to children when they are in school. The truth of the matter is tha t the aggression that is both physical and emotional should not be taken to be a normal part of childhood and action should be taken against it. Some parents are of the view that bullying is carried out to make the children become tougher. They hold the opinions that the more that the children are bullied the more they are able to toughen up and become strong emotionally and physically.The truth however is that bullying lowers their self esteem and makes them more afraid. It also lowers their self worth and affects their academic and social life even in their adulthood. Bullying is normally carried out with an intention to harm the victim and inflict a sense of power among the bullies (The National ALLIANCE for Parent Centers, 2003). v) Stopping Bullying in Schools It is sometimes difficult to understand how schools can provide the environment for bullying to take place yet they are very well supervised.Bullying however is carried out secretly and in hidden areas and adults includin g parents and teachers are not able to notice when it is going on. Other reasons that make it hard to detect is the fact that the school staff may see it as harmless play and therefore decide not to intervene. There may also be lack of enough supervisory settings that could lead to detecting the behavior in its likely occurrences (Wright, 2003). a) Laws on Bullying Anti bullying legislation has been developed to help curb the rise and spread of bullying within the school environment.The legislation provides for firm and fair enforcement of discipline within the school and security measures that provide for a climate that does not allow for bullying and threat making. The laws have been developed to help the school administrators’ deal with the issue. They require the schools to develop anti bullying policies and programs (Clabough, 2010). A national legislation that is against bullying has been proposed to make it mandatory for all schools to have these programs and policies that will help reduce the bullying incidents.The laws have been developed to emphasis to the schools that much is not being done to deal with bullying and that more needs to be done since bullying is an important issue that is affecting the schools. The laws are allowing for various legal actions to be taken up against the bullies who are reported to have bullied a fellow student. The legal action to be taken depends on the type of offence that has been reported (Clabough, 2010). For example where the offence reported involved included threatening the victim, legal action can be taken for threatening behavior and this is treated as a criminal offence.When the bullied acts involve sexual assault towards the victim, the legal action can be taken against indecent assault which is also treated as a criminal offence. An offence of common assault is charged against the bully when the victim was physically abused. Legal action may also include applying for an injunction against the bullies to prevent them from bullying the victim. The injunction can be used to instill fear upon the bully and hence stopping them from bullying the victim. Legal action however is only carried out if the actions of the bully are in more that two separate occasions and they are constant and ongoing.Evidence has to be gathered to prove the harassment and it must show that it led to severe damages to the victim (Clabough, 2010). The two offences of indecent assault and common assault can also be carried out without touching the victim. b) Their importance The anti bully legislation is very important in reducing the cases of bullying in the schools when everything has failed. The law can help sensitize the issue and teach the parents and teachers the need and importance of stopping the bullying behavior as it leads to severe consequences that are long term in some cases.The teachers and staff at the schools are taught how to identify and deal with bullying cases and establish effective strat egies that enable the children report the cases of bullying within the school (Antibullying, n. d). The laws can also be used to teach and educate the children on bullying the strategies and types of bullies that are in existence and how they can deal. The laws can also help curb the spread of the practice to other areas like the work places and other environments outside the school environment.Bullies can also be helped since most of them end up committing other crimes in the adulthood (Dombeck, n. d). The consequences of bullying can also be reduced especially where they are long term and severe like in the cases of suicides and psychological impacts on the children. c) Suicides by Children The need for these laws has been necessitated by the increase in the number of suicides cases that have been reported. One case in particular is the case of Phoebe Prince, a 15 year student who committed suicide after she was continuously bullied by her new classmates for over 3 months (Rota, 2 010).She had continuously been harassed verbally and physically by nine of her classmates, six of whom have been charged in court since the incident happened (O'Dowd, 2010). She had been a student of South Hadley High School located in Massachusetts, and had endured a lot of cyber bullying through popular websites like facebook, Twitter, Craigslist and Form spring and she also received threatening messages on her cell phone (Clabough, 2010). In school things had been thrown at her, while her face had been scribbled in her photographs that were hung on the school walls.The parents and the school officials had not done enough to stop the bullying even though they knew of the extent it had gone into. They had instead turned away and assumed a mentality of kids will be kids that led to the suicide. This was one of the cases that led to the Massachusetts anti bully legislation that was to curb such incidents from occurring (GLAD, 2010). d) Long Term Psychological Impact Bullying has been known to lead to long term effects that affect the victim’s psychology. Some of the effects of bullying include self esteem problems that may cause the adult to think lowly of them selves (Dombeck, n. d).They also tend to avoid social situations due to the interpersonal difficulties that they experience. Some of the victims of school bullying have reduced occupational opportunities since they do not get the chance to perform well in school. They have lingering bitterness and desires to seek revenge against the bullies. Some tend to have a lot of difficulty trusting people and they do not make many friends. They therefore tend to be lonely even in their adult life. In some cases the victims of school bullying continue to be bullied even in their work places and in other areas even in their adult life (Dombeck, n. d).e) Helping the Victim Overcome Victims of school bullying are usually very sad and deeply unhappy when they are in school (Banks, 1997). They suffer from low self esteem since they are usually self rejected by the classmates. There are various that the school can help the victims overcome the bullying and prevent it from occurring to them again. The first step of intervening is to ensure the victims safety. The victims are usually weaker than the bullies and hence they are not able to face the bullies on their own. The victims can be monitored when they are in schools to identify the times that they are bullied (Wright, 2003).The victim can also be encouraged to make friends with other students who will influence him or her positively. This will help increase the self esteem and confidence of the victim. As the victim makes more friends they may be able to help him when they are being bullied. They can be taught basic social skills to enable them make more friends. Mentors can also be allocated to the children who are bullied to be able to monitor them and protect them from the bullies (Wright, 2003). Victims can also be taught some skill th at can they can use to stand up to the bullies especially when they abuse is verbal.The parents of the victims can help the children to overcome the effects of bullying. The parents can become more involved in the lives of the child to ensure that they are able to notice the instances of bullying. They can help the child speak out when they are being bullied. Counseling can also help the child deal with the psychological effects of bullying such as depression, low self esteem and anxiety. They can therefore be able to deal with the anger that they may feel against the bullies and the need to seek revenge (Dombeck, n. d). f) Helping BulliesBullying is normally carried out in a secretive manner and can be difficult to identify within the schools (Wright, 2003). Teachers and school administrators may not be aware of how it is carried out. They must therefore assess the seriousness of the behavior and ensure that the students are aware of the seriousness of the matter. They should also be aware of the consequences of bullying and the charges that exist for bullies. If the bullies continue threatening the lives of the other students the teachers and the school administrators should now come up with ways to help the bullies turn around their behaviors.They can confront the bullies in a firm and fair manner that will not provoke them. They can communicate to the bullies without threatening them and give stern warnings that their behavior will not be tolerated. More stern measures can be put up if the bullies do not change their behavior. The confrontations should be carried out in private to ensure that they bully does not become defiant and refuse to compliance (Wright, 2003). To encourage them to change their behavior they can be rewarded if the cases for bullying reduce.Parents can be involved in the process to establish the reasons that lead the children to bully others. Where the reasons are based on the environment at home the parents can be involved in the pro cess of reforming the behaviors of the bullies. Counseling can be used to help the children deal with the issues at home and reduce their chances of taking out their problems or anger on other students (Banks, 1997). g) State of Massachusetts Stand The State of Massachusetts has become the 42nd state in the U. S to develop anti bully laws that are to be putt up in the schools (Clabough, 2010).The anti bully laws are one of the strongest laws that are against the bullying behavior being carried out in schools. The law which was developed in May of this year is very strict and requires all the schools within the state to protect their students from bullying and they must abide by this law (GLAD, 2010). This law applies to all the school regardless of whether they are private or public. It clearly defines the behavior of bullying and includes any repeated hostility that is directed to a student whether written, verbal or even if it is technologically spread.The technological methods in clude mass communication form of media that the victim can access directly or indirectly. It has taken into consideration the use of social media like facebook that are used to bully victims by writing on their walls. The law has made it compulsory for every school in the state with the exception of some private schools to have an anti bully policy that should be posted on the websites of the schools and made available to any student or parent that may need it (â€Å"Chapter 92 of the Acts of 2010,† 2010).The law also states that the policy should among others have procedures that should be followed whenever a bullying case is reported by a student. Disciplinary actions should also be stipulated in the policy clearly according to the law together with the procedures for notifying the parents of any cases that may involve their children bullying or being bullied. It further stipulates that the schools should offer counseling services to the victims of the bullying as well as t he bullying themselves.According to the Massachusetts law, the teachers and the school administrators should undergo some training to be in a position to handle the bullying cases in the schools and also come up with ways of preventing them from happening (GLAD, 2010). The training should also make them aware of the causes of bullying and various types of incidences that make up cyber bullying. The law has also given the teachers the mandate to report the cases of bullying once they notice them to the relevant authorities. School administrators should also be in able to investigate the reports of bullying and carry out disciplinary action on the students involved.Students within the state are required by the law to know and understand the behavior of bullying. The schools should be able to teach them this information and make them understand. This includes the children who are in between the ages of kindergarten and those that are in grade 12 (GLAD, 2010). The students should be tau ght how to prevent bullying and how to handle the bullies appropriately. They should also know the differences that exist among the children who bully them and why they bully them.The law has been very effective in the region and cases of bullying have been seen to have reduced significantly. 5. 0 Conclusion Bullying is a serious issue that is affecting very many children in the schools and has been going on for a very long time now. There is need to come up with a method that will help eliminate its existence especially the new form of bullying that has emerged that is the cyber bullying. Anti bully laws can help eliminate this kind of bullying together with the other forms of bullying that have been in practice. Cyber bullying is hard to detect but its conseque

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

K217 Ena

K217 EMA Report Gary Table of Contents Page 1. Table of Contents Page 2. Introduction Page 3. Context Page 4. Discussion Page 8. Conclusions and Recommendations Page 9. References Introduction This is a report on Gary a 52 year old male service user who lives within the county of Conway. Due to a serious car accident some time ago he has lost the use of both his legs and he does not work and relies on disability benefits for his income, Gary lives alone and has some care provided by his daughter and the rest by a support worker.This report has been commissioned by Gary with the help of his support worker as he is interested in taking up some retraining so he can move towards getting back into the job market and becoming more independent. His daughter and son in law are apposed to the idea as they think Gary is getting on in years and she would not be able to attend the address to get Gary ready for work before 9. 30 am as she needs to get her children to school.His daughter also has reservations about the Gary's ex-work colleague as he has a reputation of being quite demanding of his employees and pays only a basic wage. In this report we are going to look into all the options that are open to Gary as in regard to him getting extra care so that he is able to push towards his goal of retraining for work. The key issues that we need to address as regard to Gary are can we get him the extra care that would make him more independent and give him the mobility to let him attend further education and training to put him back in the work place.This report is being compiled for Social Workers that are based within the Adult Social Services within Conwy County Council. Context With Gary's situation a number of significant events have happened which have led to his current situation, he lost the use of his legs sometime ago and lives alone after getting divorced some 15 years ago. Gary is suffering from depression and is taking medication for this, his daughter and son-in -law are relied on for most of his care and a support worker attends each day to give him a bath.Since the onset of his depression Gary has withdrawn from doing the activities that he used to enjoy and he is very much cutting himself off from the world. He enjoyed used to enjoy using his personal computer to research local and family history. The root of Gary's problem I believe is that he has become depressed due to his isolation from the real world and with his current lack of care and mobility he is almost ‘stuck in a rut' and needs to be removed from this situation and given more self worth.Gary needs a more active place in society and the more help that he can be given the more he will feel like he has a purpose in society, his family have reservations about the course of action that Gary wishes to pursue due to their limitations as regard to the time of day that his daughter can attend to get him ready and also the reputation of the old work friend that is offering him f uture employment.Adult Social Services have a number of goals for people who are disabled they include Maintaining independence, opportunities to contribute to the community, feeling valued, access to social contact and community, keeping active and alert (http://www. york. ac. uk/inst/spru/pubs/pdf/newvision. pdf) all these apply to Gary and Adult Social services need to move forward with Gary to give him a greater quality of life and move him towards the goals hat he wish to obtain there are a number of options that are available to them. There are a number of perspectives that could be considered when looking at the situation of Gary, we can look at through the eyes of the Social Model of Disability (K217 Book2), Sigma (Goffman 1968) , empowerment (K217 Book 3). When looking at Gary's situation I am applying the Social Model of disability which was created by disabled people themselves.This was primarily created as a result of the response that society has given to disabled peopl e and also a reflection of the experience that disabled people have come across in the health and welfare system which as given them a feeling of being socially isolated and oppressed. The second perspective that I am going to apply to this report is empowerment, this gives the service user greater control of the services that they receive, being involved in the planning of services and developing good practice. (Barnes and Bowl, 2001) DiscussionIn the case study that this report is based upon Gary has been in a serious car accident that has deprived him of the use of his legs and this now means that he can only get around with the use of a wheelchair. This situation has had a knock on effect of him have a low sense of self-worth and a lack of pride in his situation, he suffers from depression and is taking medication for this. Radar (the disability network) and Depression Alliance commissioned a report (http://www. depressionalliance. org/PDF/depression-disability-and-employment-re port. df) that looked into depression as a disability and how we can improve the way we look at depression and the changes we can make to help reduce job, long term economic inactivity and isolation. Of the 566 people who answered 95% were living with depression and a quarter (148) people had a long term physical health condition. 77% of the people reported that they had not received any support with employment. Gary is living with a type of disability which is difficult, most disabled people are not depressed and do not stay depressed.The prevalence of depression among disabled adults is twice that of healthy older adults (Beekman AT, 2002), the relationship between depression and disability is a two way street with depression there being a link between physical disabilities and depressive symptoms in older adults (Gill TM,Kurland B 2003). There is clear evidence that Gary has on the onset of depression that can be linked to the impact of the loss of his legs in his car accident an d with him now socially isolated and without employment these have now added to the problems over a period of time.In a report by Tania Burchardt called †Enduring economic exclusion' Disabled people,income and work' the study found out that disabled people now make up a large and growing proportion of people who are of working age, it now stands between 12 and 16% (Enduring economic exclusion Page. 4) One telling statistic is the problems that disabled people have getting work, and that one third of those disabled people who find employment are out of work once again the following year.In the report by Tania Burchardt the income statistics show that half of all disabled people have incomes below the general population indicator of poverty after it was factored in about the additional cost that disabled people incur due to their health. Gary wants to gain access to retraining so he can move towards gaining employment once again after he becomes qualified in the sector that he w ishes, to do this he is going to need some extra help from the local Conway Council to get to his goals.Conway Adult Social Services have a number of options that they promote that may be of assistance to Gary, they already give him care to help him get bathed and his daughter and son-in-law take up the care duties in the morning. Conwy can provide Homecare that can help with a range of things such as help getting up, getting dressed, preparing meals, doing laundry and shopping where appropriate (http://www. conwy. gov. uk/upload/public/attachments/466/Microsoft_Word__CCO_Leaflet_eng. df) . Gary would need to be assessed as to the level of care that he would be entitled to also considered as to the possibility of equipment or adaptions that could be made to the home to help him live more independently and safely in his home. Though Gary is set on this course of action his daughter and son-in-law have reservations about his age and the amount of care that she could give her father du e to her own family commitments.His daughters view point about his age and the fact that any new employer might demand to much from him is really being based on his disability and not solely based on is age (K217, Book 2). There should be no denial of opportunities or restriction of choice based on assumptions that are made due to his disability. Through the social model disability is understood as an unequal relationship within society and there can be no barriers preventing people from gaining equal access to information, education and employment.There are options that perhaps he has not considered and with him feeling socially isolated due to living alone and his lack of contact with the outside world. Conwy Council Adult Social Services promotes day care or opportunities to meet other people and take part in outings and other activities so Gary would be able to haver a much more active life that would could help with the depression he is suffering. (http://www. conwy. gov. uk/up load/public/attachments/466/Microsoft_Word__CCO_Leaflet_eng. pdf) The principles of good practice (http://www. nderstandingindividualneeds. com/page. php? identity=principles) state that you have to give Gary a choice about the way in which he wishes to move forward and also take into consideration his emotional needs. Social development is about gaining relationships with a variety of people and taking part in an ordinary life and currently Gary is unable to obtain these basic rights. Gregory Beattie talks about how a depressed individual has a lack of socialization and social support groups (Beattie, Gregory,S. 2005) Social Causes of Depression) and Gary has a lacking in both these things as he is unable to access them. If Gary was to obtain the extra help that he is going to need to obtain the goals that he has set himself a consultation with both himself and his family is going to be needed as to ascertain as to realistic goals that can be set. There would be a negative impact o n Gary should he set himself unobtainable goals that he then fails to obtain, this would be damaging to the situation.Statistics show that disabled people have a lower overall level of qualifications when compared to that of able bodied people (Employment of disabled people DoEE) 38% of disabled people have no qualifications compared to only 16% of non-disabled people. The report also concluded that of the 2,015 disabled people that were spoken to (26,000 households in total) 64% strongly agreed and 29% agreed that getting a job was important to them so the statistics show that it is important for disabled people to be in employment. 47% of the economically inactive disabled people who see themselves as being able to work would like a paid job.When speaking about Gary's visions of eventually going back into work his daughter has reservations incase he is taken advantage of by his employer and in the report one in six people (16%) who are economically active stated that they have exp erienced unfair treatment or discrimination in the work place. When looking at the overall statistics you can see that 42% report that that they have been discriminated by a potential employer and 41% by an employer, these figures speak volumes and during any assessment they will need to be presented to Gary so that he can see the real picture in the job market for disabled people.The option of Direct Payments is one that should be explored with Gary and when he is assessed for the amount of care that he needs the options should be discussed at length, direct payments have both good and bad points and do not fit everyone. As direct payments will mean Gary being responsible for a number of things it also might be advantageous to also consult with his daughter and son-in-law to see if they would be interested in perhaps helping Gary should he need it.Radar the disability network have produced a fact sheet that the family may find useful (http://www. radar. org. uk/wp-content/uploads/2 011/06/6_directpayments. pdf) , the fact sheet points out how Gary would become and employer and all the responsibility that comes as well as all the paper work he will be required to keep. He will need to consider if he wishes to have the work load of sorting out all the pay, dismissal, redundancy just to name a few of the obligations that he would have to meet as an employer to a personal assistant.The other option open to Gary is to place the care that he requires in the hands of an agency or self employed to take the burden of work away from himself and organise his care around his specific needs. Bringing Gary into the centre of this assessment into his care will empower him to participate (K217 Book 3) Jones and Meleis describe the concept of empowerment as ‘a social process of recognizing, promoting, and enhancing people's abilities to meet their own needs,solve their own problems, and mobilize necessary resources to take control of their own lives (Jones PS, Meleis 199 3).The empowering of Gary will start a process of helping him assert greater control over the factors that affect his health, in the past it was assumed that service users were supposed to be compliant with the directives that were in place from the health care professional's-the biomedical model. In the empowerment model there is a contact between Gary and the provider who take a joint responsibility in terms of agreed upon outcomes, people within the health care profession are obliged to respect Gary and assist him in making decisions.Multiple studies have shown that people that are more involved with the decisions about the care that they receive and also the management of the conditions that they live have better outcomes than those who are not involved in the process (Wagner EH,Glasgow RE,Davis C, 2001) (Greenfield S, Kaplan SH,Ware JE Jr, 1988). Conclusions and Recommendations In this report we have been looking at the situation that Gary is currently experiencing, he is a dis abled person who lost the use of his legs in a car accident some years ago and lives alone now after a divorce.He is looking at the possibility of getting some higher education and hopes to move into employment in the information technology sector, it has already been stated that daughter and son-in-law have reservations about this course of action due doubts about the ex-work colleague of Gary's that is offering him employment and the problems that this will present to her care giving situation.The report has looked at the links between depression, disability and joblessness and we have shown that there are links between these elements that are making Gary's life move difficult but also you must take into consideration that fact that Gary is very socially isolated. The report then looked at the option of direct payments and how Gary's care could be changed so he will have more control and power over his care and become the central focal point so he can move towards a more independe nt life and obtaining the goals that he is setting for himself.The report looked at all the pro's and con's on the direct payment system and all the extra paperwork and responsibility that comes with employing someone and how records must be kept and these funds are public money have to be accounted for. My recommendations are the following, Gary should have his care plan reassessed by Conwy County council Adult social services with the remit of looking at the possibility of changing the level of care that Gary currently is getting and exploring the possibility of Direct Payments as an option.There should also be consultation with his daughter and son-in-law (with the relevant permissions) and have them present to discuss any and all options. Please present all options to Gary as regard to becoming a greater part of the community and providing information on the day care that you and provide and any opportunities to meet other people and take part in outings and other activities tha t your local authority provides to people within the county.A list of approved providers in the local area should be presented to Gary and also discuss the various support networks that you have for carers and also the options of homecare that you provide including help with getting up,getting dressed, preparing meals and shopping etc. Gary may need the help from the benefits advice centre as regard to making sure he is getting all that he is entitled to and though outside your remit perhaps access to DLA to help with transportation needs. 2789 References http://www. ork. ac. uk/inst/spru/pubs/pdf/newvision. pdf accessed 31/05/2012 The Open University (2010) K217 Adult health,social care and wellbeing, Book 2, Milton Keynes, The Open University Goffman, E. (1968) Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity, Harmondsworth, Penguin The Open University (2010) K217 Adult health,social care and wellbeing, Book 2, Milton Keynes, The Open University Barnes, M. and Bowl, R. (2001) T aking over the Asylum: Empowerment and Mental Health, Basingstoke, Palgrave.Meager N,Bates P,Dench S,Honey S,Williams M,(1998) Employment of Disabled People:Assessing the Extent of Participation, Research report RR69, Department of Education and Employment. http://www. depressionalliance. org/PDF/depression-disability-and-employment-report. pdf accessed 31/05/2012 Beekman AT, Penninx DJ,Deeg DJ, de Beurs E, Geerling SW, van Tilburg W (2002) The Impact of depression on the well-being,disability and use of service in older adult: a longitudinal perspective, 105:20-27 Department of Psychiatry, Vrije University Amsterdam.Gill TM,Kurland B (2003) The burden of patterns of disability in activities of daily living among the community-living older persons, 58:70-75, Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine,New Haven, Connecticut. http://www. jrf. org. uk/sites/files/jrf/1859353274. pdf (Enduring economic exclusion) accessed 01/06/2012 http://www. conwy. gov. uk/up load/public/attachments/466/Microsoft_Word__CCO_Leaflet_eng. pdf accessed 01/06/2012 http://www. understandingindividualneeds. com/page. php? identity=principles accessed 02/06/2012

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

The Epidemic called Childhood Obesity. Professor Ramos Blog

The Epidemic called Childhood Obesity. Is Childhood Obesity an epidemic?   Obesity is a condition that occurs when a person carries excess weight or body fat that affects their health. They say â€Å"A healthy body eats healthy food†. I say â€Å"An unhealthy eating creates an unhealthy body and has a short life span.† Childhood Obesity is becoming a global concern, as more children/adolescents are either obese or tending towards being obese. Childhood obesity has been linked to Ethnicity, Social class, and lifestyle. This is a wake-up call for the Government, Parents, and everyone to do something to stop this issue before it becomes uncontrollable. All over the world, the issue of childhood obesity is increasing yearly (Lobstein et al). Ten percent of the worlds school-aged children are estimated to be carrying excess body fat with an increased risk for developing chronic disease. Of these overweight children, a quarter is obese with a significant likelihood of some having multiple risk factors for type 2 diabetes, heart disease and a variety of other co-morbidities before or during early adulthood. The problem of childhood obesity is linked to Ethnicity. According to a study carried out in 1988-1998 by the national Longitudinal survey of youth among 8270 children aged 4-12years, the result shows that prevalence of overweight increased significantly and steadily among Hispanic and African American and non-Hispanic white. (Strauss and Pollack). Also, a survey study in the 1990s shows that in Brazil and the USA, an additional 0.5% of the entire child population became overweight each year. In Canada, Australia, and parts of Europe, the rates were higher with an additional 1% of all children becoming overweight each ye ar (Lobstein et.al) Childhood obesity is prevalent in economically developed countries but is rising significantly in most parts of the world. In developing countries, child obesity is most common in the wealthier section of the population (Lobstein et. al). Children of lower income families are particularly vulnerable because of poor diet and limited opportunities for physical activity. The root causes of obesity are any factor that raises energy intake by even a small amount will cause obesity in the long term (Ebbeling et.al). One of the causes of obesity in children is Television viewing. It is believed that television viewing promotes weight gain not only by displacing physical activity but also by increasing energy intake. Children while watching television consume an excessive amount of energy-dense food and drinks without resistance. Additionally, television advertisement could adversely affect dietary patterns throughout the day. American and British children are exposed to about 10 foods commercial per hour of Television time; most of these adverts are for fast food, soft drinks, sweets, and sugar-sweetened breakfast cereal. Diet is also a cause of obesity in children. Excessive fat consumption is known to cause weight gain. Intake of partially hydrogenated (trans) fat, commonly found in commercial bakery product and fast food increase risk for both cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Consumption of carbohydrate foods especially in the form of refined foods e.g. bread, ready to eat cereal, p otatoes, soft drinks, cakes, and biscuits, increase the chances of being obese. These type of food are called high glycemic index food and they can stimulate hunger and cause overeating in children. Consumption of fast food is on the increase in both developed and developing nations. The regular consumption of fast food increases the chances of being obese, the reason being that fast food contains high calories, high glycemic index, saturated and trans fats and they are low in fibre, micronutrients, and antioxidants. Family factor is also a major cause of obesity in children and adolescent. Parent-child interaction and the home environment can affect behaviours related to the risk of obesity. (Ebbeling et.al). African American and Hispanic families often time like to eat out, and thus tend to increase the chances of developing obesity in children. Children consume more energy dense food when meals are eaten in restaurants than at home. Some of the solutions to the problem of childhood obesity can be by increasing access to healthy food for poor and low-income families. For them, it is easier and cheaper to afford unhealthy food. Getting rid of fast food wouldn’t be beneficial unless there was a replacement. For the wealthy ones in the society that can afford to buy healthy food but still prefers to eat unhealthily, Counselling and educating them on the health implications of eating unhealthy food will be a better solution. Parent, schools and the Government should discourage the consumption of soft drinks and sweetened juice in children and adolescents. A study that was conducted by the American Dietetic Association (ADA), it was concluded that sweetened beverages intake is related to obesity and over weight in children and adolescents (Davis et. al). It was also found that among low income children to years of age, consumption of sweetened drinks increased the odds of becoming obese by more than 60%. I will encourage Parents, schools and the community to replace the consumption of sweetened beverages and sweetened juice among young children and adolescents with water which is healthier. Drinking of water is beneficial in numerous ways. Also, Parents should reduce the consumption of food rich in saturated fats and increase the intake of fruits and vegetables that is healthier when serving meals to their children. In schools, mealtime should be a fun time, where fruits and vegetables are presented to children in a colorful and appetizing manner. Food rich in saturated fat should be completely removed from the school menu. I will propose that physical exercise be introduced in all level of education in schools. Parents should also take time off on weekends and go do some physical activity with their children. In the last few decades, obesity prevalence as increased as a function of number of hours that TV network devote to target children population (M.Caroli et. al). Television could be convenient tool to spread correct information on good nutrition and obesity prevention. The likeness of food and obesity in television has many negative consequences on food habits and pattern. Reducing the hours spent viewing television could help in reducing and preventing obesity and overweight in children and Adolescents. Work Cited. Strauss, Richard S. â€Å"Epidemic Increase in Childhood Overweight, 1986- 1998.†Jama, vol. 286, no. 22, 2001, p. 2845, doi:10.1001/jama.286.22.2845. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/194443 Lobstein, T., et al. â€Å"Obesity in children and young people: a crisis in Public health†. Obesity Review, Vol 5, no. Sl, 2004, pp.4-85. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2004.00133.x Ebbeling, Cara B, et al. â€Å"Childhood Obesity: Public Health Crisis, Common Sense Cure†. The Lancet, vol.360, no.9371, 2002, pp.473-482, doi: 10:10161/s 0140-6736(02709678-2 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673602096782 Davis, Mathew M, et al. â€Å"Recommendation for Prevention of Childhood Obesity†. December 2007, vol 120/issue supplement 4. https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/120/Supplement_4/S229?eaf= Caroli, M, et al. â€Å"Role of Television in Childhood Obesity Prevention.† International Journal of Obesity, vol. 28, no.sb, 2004, doi: 10.10381 sj: ijo.0802802. https://www.nature.com/articles/0802802 Picture credit: https://www.debate.org/opinions/should-parents-be-responsible-for-their-obese- childs-condition

Monday, October 21, 2019

Discrimination Caused by Stereotypes essays

Discrimination Caused by Stereotypes essays Discrimination Caused by Stereotypes When I lived in a small town called Crestview, Florida, I was known as a skater or punker. This was because of the way I dressed, the way I talked, the way I wore my hair and the music that I listened to. Because I was known as a skater people had a preconceived opinion of me. What I mean is that people treated me differently because of their concept of me. Even though some people got to know me pretty well, some still thought that I was a stereotypical skater. I really was not a typical one, which is what I First, most stereotypical skaters do drugs; I wont and never will, but because of my stereotype a lot of people thought that I did drugs. A lot of skaters are also very rude. I am a very polite person, which a lot of people did not want to believe, and because of Second, my clothes are a little baggier than normal, and because of that I was treated differently. For instance when I walked into a gas station, the clerk would not take his/her eyes off of me just because of the way I dressed, and the clothes that I wore, which was really annoying to me. They went out of their way to watch me and only me. Also, when I would walk into the mall in Ft. Walton cops would follow me around all over the place because of my clothes and the stereotype that goes along with that. Another example is one day my friends and I were skating outside a grocery store called Winn Dixie which allowed us to skate there, and a cop pulled up and watched us the whole time that we were there. One time a cop tried to arrest us, pulled us over, and searched us, but he did not find anything on us that was not supposed to be there. So he probably felt kind of stupid. My friends and I know it was not his fault. It was the stereotype of skaters that made him do ...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

GUERRERO Surname Meaning and Origin

GUERRERO Surname Meaning and Origin The  Guerrero surname is thought to have originated as a nickname which described either a soldier who had returned home from the war or an aggressive individual. Derived from the word guerre, meaning war. Guerrero is the 54th most common Hispanic surname. Surname Origin:  Spanish, Portuguese, Italian Alternate Surname Spellings:  GUERERRO, GUERRE, GUIERRE, LAGUERRE, GUERRA, GUERRERO, GUERREIRO, GUERRI and GUERRIERO. See also, the English WARR or WARRE. Famous People with the Surname GUERRERO Eddie Guerrero - famous American wrestler, part of the famed Guerrero wrestling family.Vladimir Guerrero - Major League Baseball player from the Dominican Republic.Vicente Guerrero – Second president of Mexico Where do People with the GUERRERO Surname Live? According to World Names PublicProfiler,  the majority of individuals with the Guerrero surname live in Spain, followed by concentrations in Argentina, the United States, France, and Switzerland. Public Profiler doesnt include information from all countries, however, including Mexico and Venezuela. Forebears marks Guerrero as the 456th most common surname in the world found most prevalently in Mexico. Based on the percentage of the population with the surname, Guerrero is most common in Guam (ranked 16th), followed by Ecuador (23rd), Mexico (43rd), Spain (47th), the Dominican Republic (49th) and Colombia (52nd). Genealogy Resources for the Surname GUERRERO 100 Common Hispanic Surnames Their MeaningsGarcia, Martinez, Rodriguez, Lopez, Hernandez... Are you one of the millions of people sporting one of these top 100 common Hispanic last names? The Guererro DNA ProjectThis ancestral y-DNA testing project is open to any male with any spelling of the Guerrero surname interested in combining DNA testing with traditional family history research to sort out Guerrero ancestral lines. GeneaNet - Guerrero RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Guerrero surname, with a concentration on records and families from France, Spain, and other European countries. GUERRERO Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Guerrero surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Guerrero query. FamilySearch - GUERRERO GenealogyAccess over 2 million free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Guerrero surname and its variations on this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. GUERRERO Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Guerrero surname. DistantCousin.com - GUERRERO Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Guerrero. The Guerrero Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Guerrero from the website of Genealogy Today.- References: ï » ¿Surname Meanings OriginsCottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

OperationManagement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

OperationManagement - Research Paper Example The ideologies of conducting business that were born during this era are still applicable in businesses today. In the scientific management, the use of scientific methods to improve businesses was embraced. This can be observed in organization today by the employment of scientific tools to know the client and improve the operation of an organization. The human relations movement revolutionized the management of labor in most organization. These concepts are used in labor management I most industries to date. The management science in the mid-1900s played a big role in how managers to their work. Some of the standards of management and problem solving that were studied in this era are still applied by managers to date. The computer age is one of the most important development is operations management; this introduced the use of computer systems in the running and management of an organization’s activities. This led to improved services and better management. Environmental issues take into consideration the external environment of a business. This is very vital for proper management. In any business, the customers always demand the best quality products or services at the fastest speed and with competitive prices (Reid and Sanders, 2009). For an organization to be able to deliver this their management of resources has to be good. Operations management ensures this is done. Multinational organizations have systems that are more complex. This is due to their size and number of operations. Organizations that effectively use operations management have operations that are more efficient. Operations management also ensures better and increased cross-functional decision-making. Operations management is essential in any organization to be enabling it to keep up with current trends. Operations management also works very closely with other business

Friday, October 18, 2019

Tell me, what is sociology, anyway Why bother to study it (Please be Essay

Tell me, what is sociology, anyway Why bother to study it (Please be convincing in your answer) - Essay Example Systematic methods of empirical observation/data and critical analysis are used to develop a body of knowledge about human social activity, in order to apply this knowledge for the study of social processes and human behavior. Sociology is non-ethical because it deals with the study of events as they are, and not what they should be. The scientist has no technique by which he can determine what the ultimate values of a society should be. The knowledge attained by him is instrumental. Fundamental assumptions are involved in all the investigations of knowledge, which are accepted without testing. The assumptions or pre-suppositions of science are given in the following: 1. There is an object world quite different from the subject world. 2. The truth of the object world can be explored by an unbiased investigation by man and by employing what is known as the â€Å"scientific method. Mechanics of Sociology: A) Scientific Rationality Scientific Rationality is identified in Sociology and science addresses the modern world, comprehends through logical thought and reasoning, creates suppositions, and verifies them through means of experimentation and scientific method.

Enrolment and Placement in Special Education Essay

Enrolment and Placement in Special Education - Essay Example In countries such as the United States, there are national policies such as the Individual with Disabilities Education Act and The Rehabilitation Act. For instance Page 118 STAT. 2649 of the Rehabilitation Act states that the Act is a â€Å"policy of ensuring equality of opportunity, full participation, independent living, and economic self-sufficiency for individuals with disabilities† (U.S Office of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services, 2007). In a similar relation, Australia also has Acts that promote the improvement of special education as seen in the mission statement of the Australian Association of Special Education. This not withstanding, there have been some few hitches with the implementation of the Special Education Acts in Australia. A provider of services to people who are blind or have low vision, Vision Australia indicates in a Review of Special Education Services in ACT Public Schools discussion paper states that some parents of the disabled are not pl eased with the public schools system and therefore switch to join individualized programs (Renee and Sue, 2009). Trend of enrolment and placement in special education In Australia, special education is regarded as the education that â€Å"covers the education of children with particular needs† (AUSSIE Educator, 2011). Enrolment and placement into special education targets â€Å"students who exhibit special requirements in the areas of behaviour disorders and learning, physical, hearing or vision impairment† (AUSSIE Educator, 2011) whiles treating gifted students with special abilities separately. This means that gifted students are not included in the enrolment and placement when talking... From this essay it is clear that  special education in Australia is treated with a lot of attention and concern. To this effect, there are governmental policies and laws that back it. There are also a number of associations that ensure the smooth running of the special education program. One of such recognized associations is the Australian Association of Special Education (AASE). The AASE aims to enhance access for students with special education, improve the quality of educational programs, promote professional standards of a high order and to support research that informs the delivery of special education in the Australian context.This discussion stresses that  in Australia, special education is regarded as the education that â€Å"covers the education of children with particular needs†. Enrolment and placement into special education targets â€Å"students who exhibit special requirements in the areas of behaviour disorders and learning, physical, hearing or vision imp airment† whiles treating gifted students with special abilities separately. This means that gifted students are not included in the enrolment and placement when talking about special education. Enrolment and placement takes two major forms, which are integration into regular schools and separation into special schools. In cases where special needs students are enrolled in regular schools, the school system is forced to cut down on admission to make classes have smaller numbers of students.

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Adolescent Development and Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Adolescent Development and Behavior - Essay Example Their bodies change physically. They mature intellectually, and adolescent makes changes which secure their own social identity. Each of these changes pulls direction both from the natural elements in their bodies, and the nurturing environment which is around them. Changes in biology require nature - food, exercise, caloric intake and other environmental contributors. On the other hand, changes in social identity, sexual identity, body image, and position in the pecking order are more a function of the nurturing social network which surrounds the teen than how much food they consume or how much sleep they get each night.Finally, the subject if intellectual development must also be taken into consideration regarding the teen's maturation process. Intellectual development is a function of but nurture and nature. The student can have the best natural environmental surroundings and still mature with the idea that he or she is of diminished intellectual ability. The intellectual maturati on process required physiological changes in the adolescent's brain structure. This process also required input from those around the adolescent. The individual must be reinforced, and reassured that their intellectual growth is indeed accomplishing and attaining new levels of intellectual progress in order for the individual to grab a hold of this identity, that they are an intelligent person, and that their thoughts are indeed important and valuable. The process of adolescent development is one which is complicated because of the totalistic range over which the child changes. One set of inputs; factors which catalyze the change also affect other areas. The absence of one of the required inputs, healthy nutrition for example, not only affects the physical growth of the person, but also can impact the child's emotional and intellectual balance and progress. Jerome Dusek in his book Adolescent Development and Behavior attacks this subject and attempts to give an both an overview as well as a detailed understanding of the myriad of changes which occur in the adolescent's mind, body and soul as they mature. This book addresses the list of tasks which the teen must accomplish on his or her journey from child to adult. Through this book, the reader is able to look at the entire process of adolescent maturation, and understand better, as if from a distance, the monumental achievement which we call surviving the teen years, and becoming a successful, balanced adult. Adolescent Maturation Tasks According to Dusek, the process of moving from child to adult is filled with specific tasks. Each of these tasks is specific and quantifiable. In order for the child to arrive in adulthood, the individual must "achieve mastery of "certain social abilities or attitudes related to development. In other words, developmental tasks are skill s, knowledge, functions or attitudes that in individual must acquire at various stages during his lifetime in order to adjust successfully to the more difficult roles and tasks that lie before him."1 As a person who is looking back at the adolescent process, this book has clarified a number of false impressions which are typical to the adolescent mind. There are a number of ideas which the adolescent holds which have nothing to do with the developmental tasks. These beliefs also form a core of what many adolescents think is the purpose of this phase of life. For example, one of the chief beliefs that adolescents believe as part of their cultural identity is that their experience is unique. The teen is out on his own, and alone in this journey. For this reason, peer influence becomes such a highly charged influence for the teen. The teen places much of what is outside his or her sphere of peer social

Miderm worksheet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Miderm worksheet - Essay Example n to the visual craft in this feature, the sum of the ensembles and surroundings were vibrant and delightful, and there wasnt anything that I would not like to take a gander at in light of the fact that it was all so exquisite and rich. I needed to recollect everything about the feature on account of the extent to which it invigorated my psyche. After sketching this out I learned that the content that stuck in my head was the part of her dancing for the man while he smokes his cigar. I learned that much of this video is about sexuality, the female nude, the male gaze and how woman can use their sexiness to gain the attention of a man. I also learned that I am a terrible drawer. 7. List descriptive details in the work that you find significant (angles, colors, focal points, characters, motion, sound, attire, shapes, mood, lighting, etc.) that help you understand the work. You need to understand and describe specific details of the work in order to derive meaning from it and interpret it. Otherwise, an interpretation likely has little grounding. The garments was unquestionably extremely noteworthy to help me comprehend this work, this music feature was honestly alluring and much of it is simply Beyoncà © moving in constrained dress for her spouse Jay-Z. I think having him in the music feature was additionally a tremendous a piece of this and seeing as this was her first collection discharged since conceiving an offspring I think having her spouse in the feature spoke to how she could in any case be an attractive lady considerably in the wake of having a child. The lighting in one of the parts is made to show simply her shape as she moves exposed on a seat, the bends in her body and point from her heel make her extremely engaging the eye. I could see why Jay-Z might need to gaze at her throughout the night Sexy, seductive, womanly, stimulating, empowering, risky, revealing, showy, burlesque, at the same time this video was also very degrading to women, needy for

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Adolescent Development and Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Adolescent Development and Behavior - Essay Example Their bodies change physically. They mature intellectually, and adolescent makes changes which secure their own social identity. Each of these changes pulls direction both from the natural elements in their bodies, and the nurturing environment which is around them. Changes in biology require nature - food, exercise, caloric intake and other environmental contributors. On the other hand, changes in social identity, sexual identity, body image, and position in the pecking order are more a function of the nurturing social network which surrounds the teen than how much food they consume or how much sleep they get each night.Finally, the subject if intellectual development must also be taken into consideration regarding the teen's maturation process. Intellectual development is a function of but nurture and nature. The student can have the best natural environmental surroundings and still mature with the idea that he or she is of diminished intellectual ability. The intellectual maturati on process required physiological changes in the adolescent's brain structure. This process also required input from those around the adolescent. The individual must be reinforced, and reassured that their intellectual growth is indeed accomplishing and attaining new levels of intellectual progress in order for the individual to grab a hold of this identity, that they are an intelligent person, and that their thoughts are indeed important and valuable. The process of adolescent development is one which is complicated because of the totalistic range over which the child changes. One set of inputs; factors which catalyze the change also affect other areas. The absence of one of the required inputs, healthy nutrition for example, not only affects the physical growth of the person, but also can impact the child's emotional and intellectual balance and progress. Jerome Dusek in his book Adolescent Development and Behavior attacks this subject and attempts to give an both an overview as well as a detailed understanding of the myriad of changes which occur in the adolescent's mind, body and soul as they mature. This book addresses the list of tasks which the teen must accomplish on his or her journey from child to adult. Through this book, the reader is able to look at the entire process of adolescent maturation, and understand better, as if from a distance, the monumental achievement which we call surviving the teen years, and becoming a successful, balanced adult. Adolescent Maturation Tasks According to Dusek, the process of moving from child to adult is filled with specific tasks. Each of these tasks is specific and quantifiable. In order for the child to arrive in adulthood, the individual must "achieve mastery of "certain social abilities or attitudes related to development. In other words, developmental tasks are skill s, knowledge, functions or attitudes that in individual must acquire at various stages during his lifetime in order to adjust successfully to the more difficult roles and tasks that lie before him."1 As a person who is looking back at the adolescent process, this book has clarified a number of false impressions which are typical to the adolescent mind. There are a number of ideas which the adolescent holds which have nothing to do with the developmental tasks. These beliefs also form a core of what many adolescents think is the purpose of this phase of life. For example, one of the chief beliefs that adolescents believe as part of their cultural identity is that their experience is unique. The teen is out on his own, and alone in this journey. For this reason, peer influence becomes such a highly charged influence for the teen. The teen places much of what is outside his or her sphere of peer social

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 7

Strategic management - Essay Example Strategic planning helps in formulating the business approach to a context. As shown in figures 1 and 2, it is seen that the strategy stems out of the context which influences the strategy and the actions that lead to a solution on the strategy and finally, provides the results which in turn leads to altering the context. The strategy should get altered based on the change in the context thus altered. Strategies are worked out using various tools. One of the oldest methods involved using the SWOT analysis for bringing out the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and the Threats perceived by the company and the business2. The strategy would primarily enhance and capitalise on the strengths of the company for tapping the opportunities and to counter the threats perceived while at the same time would offset the weaknesses perceived. This would help the company to realise its objectives of enhancing the profitability of the company. Porter’s Five Forces helped the strategists to model the environment and the business is positioned in it to understand the effect of the environment. This was perceived to have been made up of the five forces that Porter projected. He further qualifies some of the approaches to strategy as generic. There are three types of generic strategies that are used by companies, employing the common economic forces that are in play in the market. These are: Cost Leadership by providing the best cost for a product or a service, product differentiation and thereby commanding higher prices and finally, identifying its own niche products for a specific product-segment thereby monopolising the entire business for that product or at least dominating it. While these strategies help the company to move forward, without a basic strategy the company stutters. As can be seen from the figure 2, the markets are created by companies which fall under any one of the strategies depicted in it, either consciously or otherwise. The perfect competition would

Monday, October 14, 2019

The True Meaning of Life Essay Example for Free

The True Meaning of Life Essay What is the meaning of life? Well known Greek philosphers such as Socrates and Plato believed that our purpose in this life was to gain knowledge in preparation for the next life. Other Philosophers such as Epicurus believed that pleasure is the main goal in life. After giving these ideas lots of thought, I have come to my own conclusion that the true meaning of life is far more complex than either of these; far too complex for any human to fully comprehend. In fact these two different philosophies are only part of the grand picture. If it were that easy for men to figure out our lives wouldnt be so messed up now. The meaning of life revolves around many different things. I think these things include: self-understanding, development of mind and soul, and an afterlife. According to Epicurus, pleasure was the meaning of life. His ideas of life were completely opposite of Plato. Epicurus, in my opinion was a little bit niave and narrow minded in his view on the subject. He would say that the meaning of likfe was to experience pleasure until the end of your existence. He did not believe in an afterlife or that a person had a soul that lived forever. He just thought when you are gone thats it. I disagree with all of that because I have many religious beliefs from which I derive the meaning of life. One of these beliefs is that there is life after death, and that there is one supreme being of the universe. This goes back to Aristotles first mover theory. I would however agree that life is a balancing act between pain and pleasure; or good and evil. You cant have one without the other. For every thing in existence there is always something of opposition. Another ancient Greek philosopher was Socrates. Socrates said the unexamined life is not worth living. I agree with this in a sense that if you cant look back at your life and be proud of your accomplishments, then everything that you ever did was in vain. You have to be able to look at the mistakes you have made and be able to learn from that or you are doomed to repeat those mistakes. Maybe on a deeper level Socrates might have been talking about analyizing the purpose of ones life. This in my opinion is just as important. I feel that in order for me to succeed in life I have to at least examine the meaning of my being. I believe that it comes to a point in every persons life where they sit back and think why am I here? Whether it happens often or not, I wouldnt believe any person of sane health that said they never once thought about it. Socrates also said that the good of life is knowledge. He believed in a higher good in life that could be achieved through an endless search for knowledge. His definition of higher good was when virtue and knowledge united. Although I agree that what Socrates speaks of is an important part of living, I would not go so far as to say it is the reason for liveing. I say this partially because of my definition of knowledge. I see knowledge not as just to be found in the universe, but in a way created by humans not unlike myself. Many things that are classified as knowledge such as: language, mathematics, and history are all human created. Our language was created by people in earlier civilizations, as well as mathematics. History is the story of these early people and civilizations. Should I assume that my reason for living is to learn of someone elses life? If so, what was that persons meaning for living? Undoubtitly these things are of tremendous value to our civilization and how we live. But I ask myself once again how does it relate to why we live. As far as Socrates belief in a higher good, I agree 100%. I honestly believe that there is a higher good that can be achieved but not just through the search of knowledge. My theory of how higher good can be achieved is that a person must fully understand themself. That is when a person is able to recognize their potentiol and develop it. They also have to be able to relinquish any doubt they have about themself. One must commit to their spirituallity. Finally they have to become physically stronger. Not meant to offend anyone, but the highest good to me, is the best that you can be. A weak body is vulnerable and doesnt complete a person as a whole. An interesting connection to that is how it is said that humans only use a small fraction of their brain. I believe when someone can tap into the rest of their brain, they will be close to if not at their highest good. Last but not least we have the philosopher Plato, who was the pupil of Socrates. Therefore many of their ideas are similar if not identical. Plato also believed that knowledge was the most essential part of life. He thought that learning and knowing the truth was the only way to achieve perfection, and striving for perfection was the goal of life. I believe Plato may have been on to something. I have made it in one of my personnal philosophies in life to strive for perfection. Although deep in the back of my mind I know it is unattainable I still try like it is. This reminds me of a quote that I read that said aim for the moon, fore even if you miss you will land among the stars. I just means to improve you have to set your standards high. Once again that is only part of the bigger picture that is called life. Striving for wholeness and perfection, as I perceive are mere steps to achieving a higher good, and therefore are not the cumulative meaning of life. Plato was probaby the philosopher I most agree with. He also believed in an after life and preparation for it. But I dont particularly agree with him when he say that a higher good could only be accomplished by giving up all pleasure. Obviously there has to be some sacrifice, but to give up all pleasure would be to give up on what you are trying to accomplish. I think of pleasure as one of the most powerful motivating forces ikn life. Whether it be intellectual of physical a person has to be able to enjoy what they are doing to excel above and beyond. Even Plato had to in some way had to enjoy philosophizing or he probably wouldnt do it. It is now evident that the meaning of life has to far more complex for any one person to fully understand. All these ideas of these different philosophers are not necessarily inaccurate, just incomplete. All peices to a puzzle that I have no way of fully figuring out. Socrates spoke of a higher good to be achieved. Nobody has seemed to accomplish this yet in life. There are so many obstacles that we face as we try to achieve a higher good. Many of these are based in the fact that we are human beings, and because of that are flawed by the ways of our culture. Things such as self-doubt, worry, ignorance, and the values put into our heads since the day we were born all are road blocks on our way to a higher level. Also being human beings makes vulnerable to the ways of the world around us, so it is not easy to block these things out of our lives. In a summary I believe this life to be stage in which we are to develop our minds, bodies, and souls to their highest potential in preparation for the afterlife. A person living by this philosophy would probably become a genius or great thinker. But like Eupicures, Aristotle, Socrates, and Plato I could only form my own opinions of the subject. There isnt anyway for me to figure out whether I am right or wrong. Only God could ever really know the true meaning.